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AP World History - Mr. Smith - KFHS - Fall Mid-Term Review

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Question
Answer
1. Describe the predominant economy of the Paleolithic.   hunter-gatherers  
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2. Summarize the most likely social organization of the Paleolithic.   kinship groups  
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3. Paleolithic gender relations?   roughly equal  
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4. Agricultural revolution?   Cultivation provided a relatively stable and regular supply of food. [Allowed Neolithic peoples to sustain their numbers better than their Paleolithic cousins did.]  
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5. First civilization, where?   Sumer  
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6. Lex talionis   “Law of retaliation” (Hammurabi’s Code) [offenders suffering the punishments resembling their crimes]  
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7. Egypt entered its imperialist phase during the _____ Kingdom.   New  
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8. Egyptian monotheism   Akhenaten  
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9. Why is so little known about Harappan civilization (Indus-Valley Civilization)?   1. earliest remains are inaccessible 2. lack of deciphered written records  
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10. IVC declined because . . .   1. deforested Indus Valley to clear wood for cultivation 2. became a desert (topsoil erosion, lack-of-rain)  
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11. Briefly describe how the Aryans came to India.   nomads [started in upper Indus River, then spread east and south from their base]  
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12. What was the main function of Aryan priests during early Vedic times?   Ritual sacrifices were more important than ethics  
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13. Mesopotamia=Tigris & Euphrates; Egypt= ?; Harappan= ?; China= ?   1. Egypt: Nile 2. Harappan: Indus 3. China: Yellow  
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14. Put the early Chinese dynasties (pre-Qin) in correct order.   1. Yangshou 2. Xia 3. Shang 4. Zhou  
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15. According to the beliefs about the Mandate of Heaven the Chinese ruler serves as . . .   head of religion (chosen by heaven)  
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16. Explain the Period of Warring States.   period of violence, politicial and social instability, and decentralized government in Zhou dynasty; ended in 221 bce with the establishment of the Qin dynasty  
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17. Which society could be considered the founders of Mesoamerican civilization?   Olmecs  
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18. Mayan mathematicians invented what important concept?   the zero  
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19. Popol Vuh   Maya creation myth; taught that gods created humans out of maize and water  
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20. Who might be called the Indo-Europeans of the Pacific?   Austronesians  
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21. The Medes and Persian came from what ethno-linguistic group?   Indo-Europeans  
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22. The Persian "Eyes and Ears of the King"   imperial spies  
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23. Persian governing style   tolerant of other’s religions and cultures  
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24. What did the Zoroastrians believe about the material world?   was a blessing to be enjoyed in moderation  
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25. What did Confucius believe brought order to a society?   proper ordering of relationships  
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26. The _____ philosophy was most responsible for bringing China out of the Period of Warring States.   legalist  
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27. What is Qin Shihuangdi's most important legacy?   set a precedent: established highly centralized imperial government (lasted over 2 millenniums (until 1912))  
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28. How did Chinese society develop as the Han became more wealthy?   richer getting richer and the poor getting poorer  
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29. Who facilitated Indian political unification by introducing the Indians to new administrative techniques?   Persians  
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30. Post-Mauryan (pre-Gupta) political organization.   de-centralized governments [collection of regional kingdoms]  
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31. Gupta governing style   shared techniques with Maryans allowed local autonomous rule  
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32. According to Buddha salvation could be attained by living what kind of life?   life of moderation  
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33. Political organization of ancient Greece.   organized a series of city-states  
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34. Typically, women in ancient Greece . . .   1. fell under the authority of their fathers, husbands, or sons; spent most of the time in family homes; could not own landed property  
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35. Rome's governing style was most similar to that of the . . .   Persians  
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36. How might one describe the government devised by Augustus?   monarchy disguised as a republic  
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37. What was needed in order to successfully trade in the Indian Ocean basin?   understanding of the monsoon pattern  
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38. Who was Mani?   devout Zoroastrian who regarded Zarathustra as the prophet of the Mediterranean world; promoted syncretic blend of Zoroastrian, Christian, and Buddhist elements as a religious faith that would serve the needs of a cosmopolitan world.  
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39. Peasant anger in China led to _____ in 184 CE.   yellow turban revolt  
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40. After the fall of the western Roman Empire, Roman authority . . .   lived in the Byzantine empire (for about 1000 yrs)  
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41. Describe the powers of the Byzantine monarchy.   had control over everything [highly centralized authority]  
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42. What was Justinian's most important achievement?   de-codification of the Roman Law  
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43. What happened in 1054?   permanent split between Greek and Orthodox church  
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44. Islam means . . .   submission  
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45. The critical event in the rise of Islam was the _____.   hijrah  
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46. Shia vs. Sunni beliefs   Shia – party of Ali; Sunni – one who follows the traditions of the prophet  
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47. Indian and Persian influence on Islam   Indian – mathematics; Persia - literature  
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48. The most important Sui contribution to Chinese infrastructure was . . .   Grand Canal  
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49. Civil service exams during the Tang dynasty?   brought back and used more extensively than ever before  
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50. Footbinding is an example of . . .   strengthened patriarchal authority  
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51. Vietnamese women vs. Chinese women   Women in Vietnam played a more prominent role in society and economy.  
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52. Political structure of post-Classical India.   centralized imperial rule  
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53. Changes in religious make-up of India due to Mahmud of Ghazni's incursions.   brought in Islam while almost eliminating Buddhists  
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54. Role of Hindu temples in post-Classical India.   trade centers; took on role of governments  
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55. Political structure of post-Roman Europe.   decentralized, feudal type of political organization  
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56. Describe the feudal relationship between a lord and his retainer/vassal.   Vassal would get land from lord in exchange for, most commonly, military service  
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57. Agricultural production increased in Medieval Europe because . . .   of the introduction of the heavy plow  
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58. Long-term effects of Mongol and Turkish invasions.   Eurasian integration  
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59. Environment of Central Asia allows for what kind of food production?   they didn't have much; pastoral peoples  
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60. Mongol empire's effect on trade?   Merchants increased their commercial investments  
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61. The kamikaze were . . .   “divine winds” [prevented Mongol invasion of Japan]  
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62. Mali's wealth was based on . . .   trans-Saharan trade  
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63. What new crop facilitated migrations in sub-Saharan Africa?   banana  
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64. How was wealth accumulated in sub-Africa?   number of slaves  
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65. The primary obstacle to the Holy Roman Emperor was . . .   the papacy (conflict with the pope)  
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66. Crusades effect on trade   demand for silk and cotton textiles, spices, and sugar increased throughout Europe as large numbers of people developed a taste for goods previously available only to the wealthy few  
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67. Demographic changes during the High Middle Ages.   urbanization and the increase of women's roles in the cities  
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68. What phrase summed up Medieval social structure?   those who pray, those who fight, and those who work  
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69. Aztec political structure   didn’t establish a bureaucracy over areas that they conquered.  
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70. Quipu   mneumonic aid to help track of bureaucrats' responsibilities; statistical and historical info (SH)  
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71. Why did Pacific socieities not build large states?   islands were to small, so you can't expand  
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72. Renaissance thinkers and artists were fascinated with . . .   ancient Greece and Rome  
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73. After 1000 CE, eastern hemisphere societies interacted more or less than before?   more  
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74. Gunpowder came from _____.   Tang and Song dynasties  
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75. Humanists believed . . .   it was perfectly honorable for Christians to enter into marriage, business relationships, and public affairs  
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76. Volta do mar   "return through the sea" (enabled Portuguese mariners to sail from the Canaries to Portugal)  
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77. Effects of American crops introduced into Europe.   increased human population  
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78. Western response to trade problems in 1400.   traveled around Africa to eliminate middle men.  
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79. Why did many of the German elite support Luther?   personal conviction; religious controversy offered opportunities for them to build their own power bases  
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80. Most people condemned as witches were _____.   women  
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81. Deists believe . . .   believed in the existence of a god, but denied the supernatural teachings of Christianity.  
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82. Put early modern European intellectual movements in correct chronological order.   1. Renaissance 2. Absolutism 3. Protestant Reformation 4. Age of Enlightenment  
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83. What was the primary cause for the catastrophic demographic decline of the Americas during the 16th century?   smallpox (epidemic disease)  
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84. Iberian colonial hierarchy was based on . . .   racial origin  
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85. Portuguese became interested in Brazil after . . .   Treaty of Tordesillas  
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86. How did the rise of maritime trade affect Africa's western empires?   brought Europeans their domination, and slave trade increase  
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87. Slavery within Africa was different from elsewhere because . . .   to accumulate wealth, you had to accumulate slaves [land ownership didn’t really exist]  
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88. Demographic impact of slavery on Africa.   more women than men  
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89. What did the Ming do to stabilize China following the outer of the Yuan?   return to old Chinese traditions  
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90. Patriarchy during the Ming and Qing dynasties.   1. authority over women got tighter and stronger  
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91. China's technological development fell behind because . . .   the governments favored political and social stability over technological innovation  
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92. Social effects of Pax Tokugawica   lowered samurai and daimyo classes  
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93. How did Akbar deal with the inherent religious diversity of India?   religious tolerance and "divine faith"  
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94. Murad IV banned _____ and _____ due to the offensive demands of Turkish moralists.   tobacco and coffee  
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95. Sikhism could be characterized as . . .   a syncretic combination of Hinduism and Islam  
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96. Devshirme   The Ottoman institution that provided Balkan slaves for the formation of the Janissaries  
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97. Primary political and cultural influence on Russia was . . .   Byzantium  
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98. Ivan IV's main obstacle to centralization . . .   boyars  
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99. Russian women had what kind of power?   arrange marriages and property rights  
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100. West European social developments vs. Russian social developments   Serdom was decreasing due to the decline of feudalism in Europe while it was increasing in Russia @ the same time.  
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