Test Info
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| inorganic compounds | do not contain carbon, were never alive, will not burn (water, metal, minerals)
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| organic compounds | contain carbon, are or once were living , will burn(gasoline, plastics, synthetic materials, animals)
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| hydrophilic | water loving
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| What is the atomic weight of oxygen? | 8
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| What is the most common vehicle in cosmetic products? | water
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| buffering agent | adjust the pH of a product to make it more acceptiable to the skin
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| Where do non certified colors come from? | natural plant or animal extracts, mineral pigment, or synthetics.
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| chelating agent | a chemical that is added to cosmetics to improve the efficiency of the preservative; they break down the cell walls of bacteria and other microorganisms so that the preservative is more easily absorbed by the microorganism
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| emollients | lubricate the skin; work as vehicles to help spread other performance ingredients; give cosmetics a soft, smooth feeling
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| distillation | heating to remove one chemical from another
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| performance agents/ingredients | cause skin's physical appearance to change
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| cetyl alcohols | used as an emollient, and emulsifier, an opacifying agent, and a spreading agent
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| surfactant | causes the cosmetic to be able to slip across or onto the skin
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| biochemistry | study of chemical reactions that happen in the body
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| organic chemistry | study of objects that contain carbon
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| amino acid | a protein that helps break down simple sugars, fats, and parts of proteins
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| peptide bond | bond between two or more amino acid groups
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| enzymes | a proteolytic protein that is involved as a catalyst in chemical reactions,used to break down substances; often end in -ate
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| molecule | two or more atoms joined together
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| element | a chemical in its simplest form
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| matter | anything that takes up space and has substance
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| atom | smallest measurable unit of an element
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| proton | very small positively charged particle within atom's nucleus
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| neutron | very small particles with no charge
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| electron | negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom
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| ionic bond | the bond of two ions joining to form a molecule
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| covalent bond | the bond between atoms sharing electrons
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| solvent | liquid part of the solution
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| solute | solid part of the solution
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| disaccharide | two saccharides bonded together
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| lipophilic | fat loving
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| nucleus | center of the atom
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| catalyst | a substance that helps to cause a reaction, or speed up a reaction, without its atoms becoming a direct part of the reactions's product
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| chemical reaction | a reaction between two elements or two compounds that results in chemical changes
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| ion | charged atoms; when atoms "steal" or "give away" electrons to each other
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| saccharides | can refer to any carbohydrate group
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| polysaccharides | many saccharides bonded together
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| polymer | chains of carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonded together; spreading agents that help many ingredienst adhere to the skin surface or penetrate performance ingredients
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| suspension | a liquid solution in which the internal and external phases do not stay mixed for any length of time
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| solution | a mixture of chemicals
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| pH | the measurement of positively charged hydrogen ions in a substance
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| functional ingredients | help the product to spread across skin, keep the product mixed and uniform in texture, adjust the pH of a product, and keep the product fresh
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| deionizing | this process neutralizes ions that can cross-react with other ingredients or make the product unstable
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| silicones | a protective emollient that leaves a protective film on the surface of the skin
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| fatty acids | derived from plant or animal sources; help to give a soft, firm texture to lotions and creams
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| fatty alcohols | fatty acids that have been exposed to hydrogen; used as vehicles and emollients in skin-care products and cosmetics; heavier
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| fatty esters | fatty substances used as vehicles and emollients; organic acid combines with alcohol; used to smooth surface of skin and hair; lighter
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| rancid | discoloration and/or odor due to oxidation
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| What are the four basic types of surfactants? | anionic, nonionic, cationic, and amphoteric
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| emulsifiers | chemicals that keep water and oil solutions well mixed
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| preservatives/antimicrobials | chemical agents that inhibit the growth of microorganisms in creams or cosmetic products
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| antioxidants | chemicals that are added to cosmetic formulas to prevent oxidation
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| microecapsulation | process of using barrier and intercellular compatible materials like lipids to form special micro-shells to protect and better penetrate ingredients
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| phospholipids | naturally moisturizing lipids found within the skin
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| liposomes | hollow spheres made of phospholipids that are used to transport other agents
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| loaded liposomes | liposome carrying ingredient, ingredient will penetrate the skin, liposome will dissolve releasing ingredients into the intercellular cement
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| microsponge | releases an active ingredient once inside the skin or on the skin's surface
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| nanosphere | releases an active ingredient once inside the skin
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| oxidation | the process by which oxygen is esposed to certain ingredients, which results in a breakdown of the ingredient
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| gellant | added to product to give it a gel-like consistancy
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| lakes | certified colors regulated by the FDA
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| micelles | overemulsified ingredient
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| active agents | chemicals that cause physical changes in the skin's appearance
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| active ingredients | ingredients in drug products that cause a change in the function of the human body
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| vehicles | ingredients used as spreading agents
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| protectants | chemicals that stop water evaporation
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| petrolatum (petroleum jelly) | used as a vehicle, protectant, and lubricant; prevents urine and soggy diapers from irritating the baby's sensitive skin
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| biologically inert | will not react with the chemicals in the human body
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| detergents | surfactants that are used for cleansing
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| globules | oil droplets in an o/w emulsion
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| homogenizers | high-speed mixers used to emulsify lotions and creams
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| emulsions | an unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances united with aid of an emulsifier
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| miscible | capable of being mixed
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| immiscible | incapable of being mixed
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| oil-in-water | mostly water; lighter and easier to spread, used in moisturizers
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| water-in-oil | mostly oil; heavier, used in heavy cold creams
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| anionic surfactants | are stron cleansers used in household products
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| cationic surfactants | used in cosmetics and hair shampoos
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| amphoteric surfactants | used in facial lotions and creams
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| nonionic surfactants | used in heavier creams such as hand cream
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| non-certified colors | derived from plant or animal extracts, mineral pigments, and sometimes synthetic colors; intended to be used around the eyes
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