Notecards for Examkrackers Lecture 1
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| What is avogrado's number? | 6.022 x 10^23 amu or 1 gram
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| What are characteristics of metals? | Lustrous, ductile, malleable, thermally and electrically conductive.
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| What 2 characteristics generally define nonmentals? | Lower melting points than metal and form negative ions
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| What are metalloids? | They have characteristics that can resemble nonmentals or metals
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| What direction does the effective nuclear charge increase? | Left to right and top to bottom
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| What direction does the atomic radius increase? | Right to left and top to bottom.
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| What direction does the ionization energy increase? | Left to right and bottom to top
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| What direction does electronegativity increase? | Left to right and bottom to top.
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| What direction does electron affinity increase? | Left to right and bottom to top
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| What direction does metallic character increase? | Right to left and top to bottom
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| What is the meaning for the prefix mega? | 10^6
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| What is the meaning for the prefix kilo? | 10^3
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| What is the meaning for the prefix deci? | 10^-1
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| What is the meaning for the prefix centi? | 10^-2
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| What is the meaning for the prefix milli? | 10^-3
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| What is the meaning for the prefix micro? | 10^-6
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| What is the meaning for the prefix nano? | 10^-9
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| What is the meaning for the prefix pico? | 10^-12
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| What is the meaning for the prefix femto? | 10^-13
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| What is the bond dissociation energy or bond energy? | The energy necessary to achieve a separation between atoms
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| How is the bond energy defined graphically? | The vertical distance on a graph between the bond length and zero
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| How are cation metals named? | Cation name + charge in parenthesis
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| How are nonmetal cations named? | Cation name + -ium
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| How are monoatomic anion and simple polyatomic anions named (none/one oxygen)? | Given the suffix -ide
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| How are simple polyatomic anions with multiple oxygens called? | Suffix -ite or -ate added
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| What does adding the prefix hypo- to an polyatomic anion mean? | Relatively less oxygen
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| What does adding the prefix per- to an polyatomic anion mean? | Relatively more oxygen
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| What is the basis for acid names? | Anions
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| If an acid anion ends in -ide what does the acid name start with? | Hydro-
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| If an acid anion ends in -ide what does the acid name end with? | -ic
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| How do you name a more oxygenated oxyacid? | Add -ic
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| How do you name a less oxygenated oxyacid? | Add -ous
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| What are the three rules to naming a binary molecular compound? | 1. Name begins with element that is farthest to the left and lowest in the periodic table 2. Add -ide to second element 3. Greek prefix used on first element is necessary
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| What is characteristic of crystals? | They have sharp melting points and characteristic shape of well ordered structure
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| What is a amorphous solid? | A solid when no characteristic shape and melts over a temperature
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| What is the principal quantum number? | This is the first quantum number that designates the shell
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| What is the azimuthal quantum number? | This is the second quantum number that designates the subshell (s, p, d and f)
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| What is the magnetic quantum number? | This is the third quantum number that designates the orbital of a given subshell (-l to +l)
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| What is the electron spin quantum number? | This is the fourth quantum number which can have a value of -1/2 or 1/2
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| What is the Aufbau principle? | This states that with each proton added to create a new element, a new electron is added as well.
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