information
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| functions of skin | protection, sensory role, gland to synthesize Vit D, excretion (sweat, sebum), regulating body temp
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| senses of the skin | pain, touch, pressure, temp
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| layers of the skin | epidermis, dermis (true skin)
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| epidermis is made up of | outer layer - stratum corneum inner layer - stratum germinativum
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| stratum corneum | multiple layers filled w keratin(H2O proof)
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| stratum germinativum | basal cells, also where mitosis takes place
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| skin color is from | in stratum corneum melanocytes secrete skin pigment melanin that stains cells
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| shedding cells | excoriation or desquamation
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| what connects layers of skin to muscles | subcutaneous layer or hypodermis; loose connective tissue and adipose tissue
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| where are sensory receptors located | in the dermis or true skin
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| hair is: | dermal blood vessel, root, follicle, and shaft - shaft is dead keratinized cells
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| dermis glands | sebaceous and sudoriferous
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| sebaceous glands produce | sebum; keeps skin soft, hair conditioned and skin water proof
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| sudoriferous glands | (sweat) apocrine; under arms, genitals - eccrine; all over esp. forehead upper lip soles of feet
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| functions of skeletal system | framework for body, supports and protection of soft body tissues, lower bones support body wt, red marrow makes blood cells, store calcium and phosphorus
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| parts of the bone | epiphysis, diaphysis, epiphyseal disc, medullary cavity, periosteum, articular cartilage
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| epiphysis | enlarged ends of bone, meets second bone at joint
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| diaphysis | long shaft of bone - primarily compact bone
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| epiphyseal disc | growth plate
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| medullary cavity | hollow center of diaphysis, adults filled with yellow marrow, stores fat
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| periosteum | tough fibrous connective tissue covers outside of diaphysis
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| articular cartilage | on outer surface of epiphysis, decreases friction of joints
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| as we age... | bones lose their mass, become more brittle due to loss of calcium, tendons and ligaments are less flexible=decrease ROM, intervertebral disks shrink
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| osteoporosis | loss of bone mass, become porous & crumble under normal use, loss of estrogen in older women, deficiant calcium and Vit D & low exercise
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| name the kinds of joints | saddle, pivot, ball and socket, hinge
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| classifications of movement | flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, pronation and supination, dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, rotation
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| muscle closes the jaw | masseter
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| trapezius | shrugs shoulders, extends head to look at sky
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| sternocleidomastoid | flexes and rotates head
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| deltoid | abducts arm as in Vertruvian Man
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| biceps | flexes and supinates forearm
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| brachioradialis | flexes forearm
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| triceps brachii | extends forearm
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| gluteus maximus | butt, extends thigh for climbing stairs
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| sites for IM injections | adults: deltoid, gluteus maximus and gluteus medius; in children, vastus lateralis
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| individual contracting unit of a muscle | sarcomere
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| why must muscles "fire" | to keep us upright and provide heat
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| sliding filament theory | sarcomeres shorten because actin and myosin filaments slide past each other
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| thick muscle fibers | myosin
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| thin muscle fibers | actin
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| 3 categories of muscle | skeletal/voluntary; smooth/involuntary;(organs)
cardiac/involuntary
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| parts of a neuron | dendrites receive info, axon transmits info away from cell body, axon terminals are where chemical neurotransmitters are stored
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| neurotransmitters | acetoylcholine and norepinephrine
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| neurotransmitters are | chemical substances stored in tiny vesicles in the axon terminals
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| frontal lobe | motor area
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| parietal lobe | skin and muscle, taste, speech, reading
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| occipital lobe | vision
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| temporal lobe | hearing, smell, taste memory storage, part of speech area
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| thalamus | relay structure and processing center
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| hypothalamus | integrating system for autonomic nervous system, temp balance, sex, thirst, appetite and emotions
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| midbrain | relay info, associated w visual reflexes
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| pons | relays info, plays role in respiration
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| medulla oblongata | vital function, heart rate, blood flow, blood pressure, respiratory center, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting
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| junction between nerve cells | synapse or synaptic cleft
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| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid, like plasma but after filtered, found in spinal chord
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| reflex | involuntary response to to a stimuli
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| BBB | blood-brain barrier
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| meninges | the three layers of connective tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal chord
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| layers of meninges | Pia Mater (soft mother) Arachnoid (spiderweb-like membrane) Dura Mater (hard mother)
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christiethoreson
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