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RUSM: Vitamins & Minerals

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Vitamin or Mineral
Vitamin A: Retinoids   Pharm: Retinoic Acid (in cream) used as acne treatment; contraindicated if pregnant.  
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Vitamin A: Retinoids   Deficiency: Eye Damage, Night Blindness, Skin Damage, Immune Deficiency  
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Vitamin A: Retinoids   Toxicity: cleft palate, diarrhea, bone resorption, headache, nausea, aplopecia, hepatomegalia  
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Vitamin A: Retinoids   Disorders: Stargardt Disease, Autosomal Macular Dystrophy, Retinitis, Pigmentosa  
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Vitamin D: Calcipherol – D3   Function: Stimulate absorption of Ca-Phosphate in gut, high need in last 2 months of pregnancy  
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Vitamin D: Calcipherol – D3   Sources: Liver, fish, yeast, milk/dairy products, sun  
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Vitamin D: Calcipherol – D3   Pharm: Needed to ensure healthy baby  
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Vitamin D: Calcipherol – D3   Deficiency: Ricketts (children),Osteomalacia (adults)  
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Vitamin D: Calcipherol – D3   Disorder: Hypercalcemia, nausea, weight loss  
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Vitamin K   Function: 1. Conversion of Glu to Gla, 2. Chelation site for Ca2+, 3. Blood Clotting  
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Vitamin K   Sources: Intestinal Flora, Green Veggies; caution with antibiotic use  
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Vitamin K   Pharm: Antidote against Warfarin Poisoning  
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Vitamin K   Deficiency: hemorrhaging, stomach pain, bone malformation, deposits of Ca2+ in arteries  
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Vitamin K   Toxicity: Hemolytic anemia, jaundice, kernicterus (bilirubin crosses BBB)  
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Vitamin K   Disorders: Hemolytic Disease of Newborn (Prevented by oral Vit K after birth); may be more common in breast fed babies because mother’s milk has less Vitamin K; Oral vitamin K after birth mandatory in some areas.  
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Vitamin E: Tocopherol   Function: Antioxidant, Radical Scavenger  
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Vitamin E: Tocopherol   Sources: Plant Oils, Nuts, Wheat Germ, Asparagus  
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Vitamin E: Tocopherol   Pharm: Intermittent claudication (cramping of calf muscles) and Fibrocystic Breast Disease  
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Vitamin E: Tocopherol   Deficiency: Flaky skin, nutritional muscular dystrophy, liver degeneration, anemia, retrolental fibroplasias (leads to blindness)  
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Vitamin E: Tocopherol   Toxicity: Rare, GI distress  
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Vitamin E: Tocopherol   Disorders: Ataxia (AVED), neurological defects, supplement with injected Vitamin E  
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Vitamin A: Retinoids   Function: Vision, Epithelia of mucus membrane, Sperm Formation  
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Vitamin A: Retinoids   Sources: Green and yellow Veggies, Egg Yolk, Dairy  
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