RUSM: Vitamins & Minerals
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Vitamin A: Retinoids | Pharm: Retinoic Acid (in cream) used as acne treatment; contraindicated if pregnant.
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Vitamin A: Retinoids | Deficiency: Eye Damage, Night Blindness, Skin Damage, Immune Deficiency
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Vitamin A: Retinoids | Toxicity: cleft palate, diarrhea, bone resorption, headache, nausea, aplopecia, hepatomegalia
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Vitamin A: Retinoids | Disorders: Stargardt Disease, Autosomal Macular Dystrophy, Retinitis, Pigmentosa
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Vitamin D: Calcipherol – D3 | Function: Stimulate absorption of Ca-Phosphate in gut, high need in last 2 months of pregnancy
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Vitamin D: Calcipherol – D3 | Sources: Liver, fish, yeast, milk/dairy products, sun
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Vitamin D: Calcipherol – D3 | Pharm: Needed to ensure healthy baby
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Vitamin D: Calcipherol – D3 | Deficiency: Ricketts (children),Osteomalacia (adults)
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Vitamin D: Calcipherol – D3 | Disorder: Hypercalcemia, nausea, weight loss
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Vitamin K | Function: 1. Conversion of Glu to Gla, 2. Chelation site for Ca2+, 3. Blood Clotting
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Vitamin K | Sources: Intestinal Flora, Green Veggies; caution with antibiotic use
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Vitamin K | Pharm: Antidote against Warfarin Poisoning
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Vitamin K | Deficiency: hemorrhaging, stomach pain, bone malformation, deposits of Ca2+ in arteries
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Vitamin K | Toxicity: Hemolytic anemia, jaundice, kernicterus (bilirubin crosses BBB)
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Vitamin K | Disorders: Hemolytic Disease of Newborn (Prevented by oral Vit K after birth); may be more common in breast fed babies because mother’s milk has less Vitamin K; Oral vitamin K after birth mandatory in some areas.
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Vitamin E: Tocopherol | Function: Antioxidant, Radical Scavenger
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Vitamin E: Tocopherol | Sources: Plant Oils, Nuts, Wheat Germ, Asparagus
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Vitamin E: Tocopherol | Pharm: Intermittent claudication (cramping of calf muscles) and Fibrocystic Breast Disease
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Vitamin E: Tocopherol | Deficiency: Flaky skin, nutritional muscular dystrophy, liver degeneration, anemia, retrolental fibroplasias (leads to blindness)
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Vitamin E: Tocopherol | Toxicity: Rare, GI distress
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Vitamin E: Tocopherol | Disorders: Ataxia (AVED), neurological defects, supplement with injected Vitamin E
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Vitamin A: Retinoids | Function: Vision, Epithelia of mucus membrane, Sperm Formation
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Vitamin A: Retinoids | Sources: Green and yellow Veggies, Egg Yolk, Dairy
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