Public Speaking notes Exam 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Frame of reference | -sum of person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, attitudes.
-speech is filtered through audience's frame of reference
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| Public Speaking v. Conversation, similarities (4) | -organizing thoughts logically
-tailoring message to audience
-telling story for maximum impact
-adapting to feedback
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| Public Speaking v. Conversation, differences (3) | -public speaking more highly structured
-public speaking requires more formal language
-public speaking different method of delivery
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| Reducing speech anxiety (6) | -power of visualization
-know that most nervousness is not visible
-don't expect perfection
-prepare, prepare, prepare
-think positively
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| Questions to consider for informative speaking (5) | -is the info communicated accurately?
-is the info communicated clearly?
-is the info made meaningful and interesting to the audience?
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| 4 speech topics | -objects (visible, tangible, stable)
-processes (specific series of actions that leads to an end result)
-events (things that happened)
-concepts (abstract beliefs, theories, ideals)
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| Choosing a topic (2 questions) | -what do you know?
-what do you want to know about?
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| Specific purpose guidelines (5) | -full infinite phrase
-statement, not question
-avoid figurative language
-limit to one distinct idea
-avoid being vague
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| Questions to ask when writing an informative speech (5) | -does it meet the assignment?
-can I accomplish this purpose in the time allotted?
-is the purpose relevant to my audience?
-is the purpose too trivial for my audience?
-is the purpose too technical?
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| Central Idea | -one sentence statement
-encapsulate major ideas of speech
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| Central Idea Guidelines (4) | -express as full sentence
-don't express as question
-avoid figurative language
-don't be vague
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| Informative Speech Guidelines (5) | -don't be too technical
-avoid abstractions
-personalize ideas
-don't overestimate what audience knows
-relate subject to audience
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| Avoiding Abstractions | -make more understandable... break down statistics. ex: "1/5 of the people in this class..." instead of "45% of people..."
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| Audience Centered Questions (3) | -to whom am I speaking
-what do I want them to know, believe, or do?
-What is most effective way of accomplishing that aim?
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| Demographic Audience Analysis (6) | -age
-gender
-sexual orientation
-racial, ethnic, cultural background
-religion
-group membership
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| Situational Audience Analysis (5) | -size
-physical setting
-disposition toward topic
-disposition toward speaker
-disposition toward occasion
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| Questions to consider for informative speaking (3) | -is the info communicated accurately?
-is the info communicated clearly?
-is the info made meaningful and interesting to the audience?
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| Organization | 1. Central Idea (w/ preview)
2. MP1, MP2, MP3
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| Main Points (6) | -Mutually exclusive
-balanced
-logically divided
-parallel structure when possible
-clearly related to central idea
-appropriate level of generality
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| Ordering MP: chronological | -according to time pattern
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| Ordering MP: spatial | -according to a physical space or directional pattern
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| Ordering MP: causal | -according to a cause-effect relationship
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| Ordering MP: topical | -according to subtopics, logical categories, or components
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| Supporting material | -material designed to support a speaker's ideas
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| connectives | -words or phrases that connects ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them
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| transitions | -idea leaving and idea stating need to be connected w/ transition
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| internal previews | -statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next
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| internal summaries | -statements in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point
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| sign posts | brief statement that indicates where speaker is at or that focuses attention on key ideas
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| intro (10) | -relate topic to audience
-state importance of topic
-startle/ intrigue the audience
-arouse curiosity
-question the audience (using "you" in the question)
-begin with a quote
-tell a story
-reveal topic
-establish credibility
-preview body
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| conclusion | -signal end of speech
-reinforce the central idea
-summarize speech
-end w/ quote
-make dramatic statement
-refer to the intro
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| ethics (4) | -truthful/ honest speech
*no omitting facts
*proper stats
-be prepared
*no assumptions
*quality info
-ethical goals
-respect
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| Main point | -parallel wording
-fit w/ central idea
-balanced amount of material
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