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Public Speaking 1
Public Speaking notes Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Frame of reference | -sum of person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, attitudes. -speech is filtered through audience's frame of reference |
| Public Speaking v. Conversation, similarities (4) | -organizing thoughts logically -tailoring message to audience -telling story for maximum impact -adapting to feedback |
| Public Speaking v. Conversation, differences (3) | -public speaking more highly structured -public speaking requires more formal language -public speaking different method of delivery |
| Reducing speech anxiety (6) | -power of visualization -know that most nervousness is not visible -don't expect perfection -prepare, prepare, prepare -think positively |
| Questions to consider for informative speaking (5) | -is the info communicated accurately? -is the info communicated clearly? -is the info made meaningful and interesting to the audience? |
| 4 speech topics | -objects (visible, tangible, stable) -processes (specific series of actions that leads to an end result) -events (things that happened) -concepts (abstract beliefs, theories, ideals) |
| Choosing a topic (2 questions) | -what do you know? -what do you want to know about? |
| Specific purpose guidelines (5) | -full infinite phrase -statement, not question -avoid figurative language -limit to one distinct idea -avoid being vague |
| Questions to ask when writing an informative speech (5) | -does it meet the assignment? -can I accomplish this purpose in the time allotted? -is the purpose relevant to my audience? -is the purpose too trivial for my audience? -is the purpose too technical? |
| Central Idea | -one sentence statement -encapsulate major ideas of speech |
| Central Idea Guidelines (4) | -express as full sentence -don't express as question -avoid figurative language -don't be vague |
| Informative Speech Guidelines (5) | -don't be too technical -avoid abstractions -personalize ideas -don't overestimate what audience knows -relate subject to audience |
| Avoiding Abstractions | -make more understandable... break down statistics. ex: "1/5 of the people in this class..." instead of "45% of people..." |
| Audience Centered Questions (3) | -to whom am I speaking -what do I want them to know, believe, or do? -What is most effective way of accomplishing that aim? |
| Demographic Audience Analysis (6) | -age -gender -sexual orientation -racial, ethnic, cultural background -religion -group membership |
| Situational Audience Analysis (5) | -size -physical setting -disposition toward topic -disposition toward speaker -disposition toward occasion |
| Questions to consider for informative speaking (3) | -is the info communicated accurately? -is the info communicated clearly? -is the info made meaningful and interesting to the audience? |
| Organization | 1. Central Idea (w/ preview) 2. MP1, MP2, MP3 |
| Main Points (6) | -Mutually exclusive -balanced -logically divided -parallel structure when possible -clearly related to central idea -appropriate level of generality |
| Ordering MP: chronological | -according to time pattern |
| Ordering MP: spatial | -according to a physical space or directional pattern |
| Ordering MP: causal | -according to a cause-effect relationship |
| Ordering MP: topical | -according to subtopics, logical categories, or components |
| Supporting material | -material designed to support a speaker's ideas |
| connectives | -words or phrases that connects ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them |
| transitions | -idea leaving and idea stating need to be connected w/ transition |
| internal previews | -statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next |
| internal summaries | -statements in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point |
| sign posts | brief statement that indicates where speaker is at or that focuses attention on key ideas |
| intro (10) | -relate topic to audience -state importance of topic -startle/ intrigue the audience -arouse curiosity -question the audience (using "you" in the question) -begin with a quote -tell a story -reveal topic -establish credibility -preview body |
| conclusion | -signal end of speech -reinforce the central idea -summarize speech -end w/ quote -make dramatic statement -refer to the intro |
| ethics (4) | -truthful/ honest speech *no omitting facts *proper stats -be prepared *no assumptions *quality info -ethical goals -respect |
| Main point | -parallel wording -fit w/ central idea -balanced amount of material |
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