sol review questions 2010
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| what shaped how early human societies lived their lives? | physical environment
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| on what continent did the first forms of man evolve? | africa
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| what form of early man emerged about 100,000 to 400,000 years ago? | homo sapiens
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| homo sapiens migrated from africa to where? (three places) | eurasia, australia, and the americas
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| How did early man gain his food? | hunting and gathering
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| early man was dependent on the availability of what? | wild plants and animals
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| early man was able to overcome his physical environment because he developed what? | culture
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| name 2 characteristics of hunter-gatherer societes | nomadic and lived in clans
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| name 4 things which developed during the Old stone age | first tools, fire, oral language, and cave art
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| what is another name for the old stone age? | paleolithic era
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| a person who migrates in search of food, water and shelter is a____? | nomad
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| what group developed the first tools and weapons? | old stone age
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| name 5 things which developed during the new stone age | agriculture, domestication of animals, used advanced tools, made pottery, and developed weaving skills
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| what is another name for the new stone age? | neolithic era
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| what effect did agriculture have on how early man lived? | rise of settled communities
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| what does carbon dating do? | tells the age of a fossil or artifact
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| what is an artifact? | evidence of an earlier life
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| who studies past culture by locating and analyzing human remains, fossils, and artifacts? | archeologist
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| what archeological site in england was built during the neolithic period and bronze age/ | stonehenge
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| what did river valleys provide for early civilizations? | rich soil for crops and protection from invasion
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| the area located from the mediterranean coast to mesopotamia is called what? | fertile crescent
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| when did the first river civilizations appear? | 3500 TO 55 b.c.
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| egypt is located next to what river? | nile river
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| what area is located between the tigris and euphrates river? | mesopotanian civilization
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| what river valley civilization was located in india? | indus
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| on what river was china's river civilization located? | huan he valley
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| the nile river is located on what continent? | africa
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| on what continent is mesopotamia located? | southwest asia
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| where did the first civilizations develop? | on rivers
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| what groups invaded river valley civilizations? | nomadic peoples
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| who settled between the mediterranean sea and jordan river valley? | hebrews
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| what group settled along the eastern mediterranean coast? | phoenecians
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| what civilization was located on the upper nile river valley? | kush
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| where were the "cradles of civilization" located? | river valleys
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| who ruled egypt? | pharoahs
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| how did rulers in the river valleys gain power? | hereditary
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| what is a dynasty? | family of hereditary rulers
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| true or false. most river valley civilizations had a rigid class system? | true
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| what was accepted in most river valley civilizations? | slavery and religion
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| the government of early mesopotamian civilizations often had a centralized government based on what? | religious authority
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| name the two written law codes of the fertile crescent | ten commandments and hammurabi's code
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| what is an empire? | land ruled by an emperor
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| what political system is characterized by a city and its surrounding lands? | city-state
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| what were two metals used to make tools and weapons? | bronze and iron
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| what group traded throughout the mediterranean sea and on middle eastern rivers? | phoenecians
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| name 3 reasons river valley civilizations had an agriculultural surplus | better tools, plows, and irregation
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| where were the world's first cities located? | river valley civilizations
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| people who do workd according to their skills are practicing what? | specialization of labor
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| what type of religion did most people of the fertile crescent practice? | polytheism
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| what type of religion did the hebrews follow? | monotheism
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| judaism is the foundation of what other religions? | christianity and islam
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| which civilization was the first to follow one God? | hebrews
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| who led the hebrews out of mesopotamia and helped found the jewish faith? | abraham
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| who received the ten commandments? | moses
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| what is the holy city of the hebrews? | jerusalem
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| who led the jews out of egypt? | moses
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| what states the proper moral and religious conduct for hebrews? | ten commandments
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| what is the written records and beliefs of the hebrews? | torah
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| what is the belief of one god? | monotheism
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| what is the relgion of the hebrews/ | judaism
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| the hebrews were captured and taken to babylon. what is this called? | babylonian captivity
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| the hebrews were forced to leave palestince becaseu tehy rebelled too often. what is this called? | exile
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| what civilization used hieroglyphics? | egyptian
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| what were 2 important cultural innovations developed in early river valleys? | language and trade
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| what civilization developed the alphabet as we know it? | phoenecians
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| what civilization used cuneiform? | sumer
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| the eraliest written symbols were called what? | pictograms
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| the persian civilization developed from what previous civilizations? | central asian and mesopotamian
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| how did the persian treat people they conquered? | they tolerated them
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| what is a bureaucracy? | government..
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| what religion did the persians follow? | zoroastrianism
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| what did the persians do to improve communication and trade in their empire? | built roads
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| who had the largest empire in the ancient world before alexander the great? | persians
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| what was the second river valley in india to be settled? | ganges rier valley
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| who invaded and conquered the original indus river vallye civilization? | indo-aryan
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| what was india's rigidly structured social system based on occupation? | caste system
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| name 3 geographic barriers which made invading india harder? | himilayas, hindu kush, and the idnian ocean
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| what mountains are to the west of the indian sub-continent? | hindu kush
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| what mountains are to the east of the indian sub-continent? | himilayas
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| through what mountain range did invaders reach india? | hindu kush
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| what are the 2 main rivers of the indian subcontinent? | undus and ganges
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| what did the caste system influence? | social interactions and choices of occupation
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| during what empire was india's golden age of culture? | gupta empire
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| name 2 non-religious contribution of india | math, textiles, and literature
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| what was the religion of classical india? | hinduism
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| what religion believes in one major deity who takes many forms? | hinduism
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| the indian cycle of rebirth is called what? | reincarnation
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| future reincarnation based on present behavior is what? | karma
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| what are the sacreed writings of hinduism? | vedas and upanishads
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| what religion did siddhartha guatama found? | buddhism
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| where was buddhism founded? | nepal, india
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| what does a buddhist have to do to gain enlightenment? | eightfold path
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| who was buddha? | siddhartha guatmam
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| who sent missionaries to spread buddhism throughout asia? | asoka
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| what are the 2 basic beliefs of buddhism? | four noble turhts and eightfold path
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| in what river valley was classical china's civilization located? | hunag he
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| what is another name for huang he? | yellow river
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| from where did migratory invaders enter cnina? | north
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| why was the great wall built? | protection and to show that the empire was united
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| about when did china's civilization begin? | 1500 B.C.
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| what 2 religions did china contribute? | confucianism and taosism
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| who built the great wall of china? | qin shi huangdi
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| the ruling families of china were called what? | dynasties
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| chinese rulers served under the authority of what? | mandate of heaven
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| what does this mean? | they ruled only as long as their rule was just
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| chinese emperors were considered to be what? | divine
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| what connected china to cultures as far away as rome? | silk road
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| people who worked for the bureaucracy of china were part of what? | civil service system
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| what fabric did china contribute to the world? | silk
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| name 4 contributions of classical china | civil service sustem. silk, porcelain, compass
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| what religion believes that humans are good, not bad? | confuciansim
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| name 5 beliefs of confuscianism | humans are good not bad, respect for elders, politeness, emphasis on education, ancestor worship
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| in what country do citizens respect their elders and worship their ancestors? | china
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| what belief of confucianism still influences china today? | code of politeness
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| what represents opposites in daoism and confucianism? | yin and yang sign
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| what religion believes in a simple life and inner peace? | taosim
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| what religion believes man should live in harmony with nature? | taoism
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| buddhism from where spread throughout asia? | china
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| what 3 religions are practiced in china? | taoism, confucianism, buddhism
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| what geographic feature shaped the economic, social, and political development of greece? | the physical geography of the aegean basin
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| the hellenic civilization took place in what country? | greece
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| how did the greeks spread the hellenic culture? | through trade and colonization
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| what sea is located east of greece? | aegean sea
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| waht sea is located south of greece? | mediterranean
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| what straight leads to the black sea? | bosporous
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| what peninsula is located east of greece? | greek
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| what area was located north of greece and was home of alexander the great? | macedonia
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| what wre the 2 main city-states of greece? | athens and sparta
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| why was agriculture limited in ancient greece? | limited arable land
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| to trade one good for another is to do what? | barter
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| what was the cheir occupation of the greeks? | trade
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| greeks practiced barter, but later changed over to what? | money economy
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| what geographical feature isolated and hindred the development of greek city-states? | mountainous terrain
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| why did the greeks colonize outside greece? | overpopulation and search for arable land
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| what did the design of greek city-states promote? | civic and commercial life
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| the greeks practiced what kind of religion? | polytheistic
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| name 3 things greek mythology explained | natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events
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| why is greek mythology still important today? | used for later western civilization
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| what did zeus represent? | kind of the gods
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| what did artemis represent? | moon and huntin
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| what did apollo represent? | sun, music, poetry
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| what did athena represent? | wisdom and war
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| what did hera represent? | queen of the gods
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| what did aphrodite represent? | love and beauty
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| what city-state had the most democratic government of its time? | athens
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| who were greek citizens? | free adult males
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| what respinsibility did greek citizens have? | civic participation in government
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| what 3 groups had no political power? | women, foreigners, slaves
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| what kind of government was ruled by one family who inherited power? | monarchy...dynasty
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| what government is ruled by a small group of nobles? | aristocracy
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| what government is ruled by one person who seixed power? | tyranny
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| what government is ruled by citizens who could vote? | democracy
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| who created written laws with severe punishment? | draco
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| who improved the legal system and expanded participation in the assembly? | solon
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| what city-state had a direct democracy? | athens
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| what 3 democratic principles began in athens? | direct democracy, public debate, and duties of the citizen
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| which greek city-state had a militaristic and aggressive society? | sparta
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| what greek city-state had an oligarchy? | sparta
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| which city-state had a rigid social structure? | sparta
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| what type of government is ruled by a small group? | oligarchy
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| which wars united athens and sparta against an external enemy? | persian
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| what was a result of the persian war for athens? | preserved their political independence
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| name 2 battles of the persian wars | marathon and salamis
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| a result of the persian war of the greeks was the control of what sea? | aegean
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| which war came first-pelopennesian or persian? | persian
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| what was the alliance headed by athens? | delian league
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| what war was casued by competition between athens and sparta for control of the greek world? | pelopennesian
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| what war caused a slowing of culture and a weakening of political power in greece? | pelopennesian
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| what was the alliance headed by sparta? | pelopennesian league
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| who was pericles? | ruler who extended democracy and rebuilt athens after the persian wars
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| who rebuilt athens after the persian wars? | pericles
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| what building was rebuilt after the persian wars? | parthenon
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| during the reign of ___, democracy was extended so all adult male citizens could vote and participate in the government/. | pericles
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| the golden age of pericles was between what 2 wars? | persian and pelopennesian
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| who wrote the illiad and the odyssey? | homer
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| name 2 greek dramatic playwrights | aeschylus and sophocles
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| name the first greek historian | heroditus
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| what greek historian wrote about the pelopenneseian war? | herodutus
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| who was the greek sculptor who created the statue of athena in the parthenon? | phidios
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| what were the 3 types of greek columns? | doric, ionian, and cointhian
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| who was the greek who developed the lever and pulley? | archimedes
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| who was the father of medicine? | hippocrates
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| name 3 greek philosophers | socrates, plato, and aristotle
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| who developed a theory about right triangles? | pythagoras
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| who was the father of geometry? | euclid
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| what war made it easier for the macedonians to conquer greece? | pelopennesian
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| what macedonian conquered most of greece? | phillip II
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| name 3 areas controlled by alexander the great | greece, egypty, and india
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| what did alexander the great spread? | greek culture
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| who conquered the persian empire and most of the ancient world? | alexander the great
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| how was hellenistic culture spread? | trough trade
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| what was hellenistic culture? | greek and oriental elements
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| where was rome located? | italian peninsula
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| name two advantages of rome's location | protection by the sea and an arc of mountains
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| what protected italy from northern invaders? | alps
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| s | ;l
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