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wh1 sol
sol review questions 2010
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what shaped how early human societies lived their lives? | physical environment |
| on what continent did the first forms of man evolve? | africa |
| what form of early man emerged about 100,000 to 400,000 years ago? | homo sapiens |
| homo sapiens migrated from africa to where? (three places) | eurasia, australia, and the americas |
| How did early man gain his food? | hunting and gathering |
| early man was dependent on the availability of what? | wild plants and animals |
| early man was able to overcome his physical environment because he developed what? | culture |
| name 2 characteristics of hunter-gatherer societes | nomadic and lived in clans |
| name 4 things which developed during the Old stone age | first tools, fire, oral language, and cave art |
| what is another name for the old stone age? | paleolithic era |
| a person who migrates in search of food, water and shelter is a____? | nomad |
| what group developed the first tools and weapons? | old stone age |
| name 5 things which developed during the new stone age | agriculture, domestication of animals, used advanced tools, made pottery, and developed weaving skills |
| what is another name for the new stone age? | neolithic era |
| what effect did agriculture have on how early man lived? | rise of settled communities |
| what does carbon dating do? | tells the age of a fossil or artifact |
| what is an artifact? | evidence of an earlier life |
| who studies past culture by locating and analyzing human remains, fossils, and artifacts? | archeologist |
| what archeological site in england was built during the neolithic period and bronze age/ | stonehenge |
| what did river valleys provide for early civilizations? | rich soil for crops and protection from invasion |
| the area located from the mediterranean coast to mesopotamia is called what? | fertile crescent |
| when did the first river civilizations appear? | 3500 TO 55 b.c. |
| egypt is located next to what river? | nile river |
| what area is located between the tigris and euphrates river? | mesopotanian civilization |
| what river valley civilization was located in india? | indus |
| on what river was china's river civilization located? | huan he valley |
| the nile river is located on what continent? | africa |
| on what continent is mesopotamia located? | southwest asia |
| where did the first civilizations develop? | on rivers |
| what groups invaded river valley civilizations? | nomadic peoples |
| who settled between the mediterranean sea and jordan river valley? | hebrews |
| what group settled along the eastern mediterranean coast? | phoenecians |
| what civilization was located on the upper nile river valley? | kush |
| where were the "cradles of civilization" located? | river valleys |
| who ruled egypt? | pharoahs |
| how did rulers in the river valleys gain power? | hereditary |
| what is a dynasty? | family of hereditary rulers |
| true or false. most river valley civilizations had a rigid class system? | true |
| what was accepted in most river valley civilizations? | slavery and religion |
| the government of early mesopotamian civilizations often had a centralized government based on what? | religious authority |
| name the two written law codes of the fertile crescent | ten commandments and hammurabi's code |
| what is an empire? | land ruled by an emperor |
| what political system is characterized by a city and its surrounding lands? | city-state |
| what were two metals used to make tools and weapons? | bronze and iron |
| what group traded throughout the mediterranean sea and on middle eastern rivers? | phoenecians |
| name 3 reasons river valley civilizations had an agriculultural surplus | better tools, plows, and irregation |
| where were the world's first cities located? | river valley civilizations |
| people who do workd according to their skills are practicing what? | specialization of labor |
| what type of religion did most people of the fertile crescent practice? | polytheism |
| what type of religion did the hebrews follow? | monotheism |
| judaism is the foundation of what other religions? | christianity and islam |
| which civilization was the first to follow one God? | hebrews |
| who led the hebrews out of mesopotamia and helped found the jewish faith? | abraham |
| who received the ten commandments? | moses |
| what is the holy city of the hebrews? | jerusalem |
| who led the jews out of egypt? | moses |
| what states the proper moral and religious conduct for hebrews? | ten commandments |
| what is the written records and beliefs of the hebrews? | torah |
| what is the belief of one god? | monotheism |
| what is the relgion of the hebrews/ | judaism |
| the hebrews were captured and taken to babylon. what is this called? | babylonian captivity |
| the hebrews were forced to leave palestince becaseu tehy rebelled too often. what is this called? | exile |
| what civilization used hieroglyphics? | egyptian |
| what were 2 important cultural innovations developed in early river valleys? | language and trade |
| what civilization developed the alphabet as we know it? | phoenecians |
| what civilization used cuneiform? | sumer |
| the eraliest written symbols were called what? | pictograms |
| the persian civilization developed from what previous civilizations? | central asian and mesopotamian |
| how did the persian treat people they conquered? | they tolerated them |
| what is a bureaucracy? | government.. |
| what religion did the persians follow? | zoroastrianism |
| what did the persians do to improve communication and trade in their empire? | built roads |
| who had the largest empire in the ancient world before alexander the great? | persians |
| what was the second river valley in india to be settled? | ganges rier valley |
| who invaded and conquered the original indus river vallye civilization? | indo-aryan |
| what was india's rigidly structured social system based on occupation? | caste system |
| name 3 geographic barriers which made invading india harder? | himilayas, hindu kush, and the idnian ocean |
| what mountains are to the west of the indian sub-continent? | hindu kush |
| what mountains are to the east of the indian sub-continent? | himilayas |
| through what mountain range did invaders reach india? | hindu kush |
| what are the 2 main rivers of the indian subcontinent? | undus and ganges |
| what did the caste system influence? | social interactions and choices of occupation |
| during what empire was india's golden age of culture? | gupta empire |
| name 2 non-religious contribution of india | math, textiles, and literature |
| what was the religion of classical india? | hinduism |
| what religion believes in one major deity who takes many forms? | hinduism |
| the indian cycle of rebirth is called what? | reincarnation |
| future reincarnation based on present behavior is what? | karma |
| what are the sacreed writings of hinduism? | vedas and upanishads |
| what religion did siddhartha guatama found? | buddhism |
| where was buddhism founded? | nepal, india |
| what does a buddhist have to do to gain enlightenment? | eightfold path |
| who was buddha? | siddhartha guatmam |
| who sent missionaries to spread buddhism throughout asia? | asoka |
| what are the 2 basic beliefs of buddhism? | four noble turhts and eightfold path |
| in what river valley was classical china's civilization located? | hunag he |
| what is another name for huang he? | yellow river |
| from where did migratory invaders enter cnina? | north |
| why was the great wall built? | protection and to show that the empire was united |
| about when did china's civilization begin? | 1500 B.C. |
| what 2 religions did china contribute? | confucianism and taosism |
| who built the great wall of china? | qin shi huangdi |
| the ruling families of china were called what? | dynasties |
| chinese rulers served under the authority of what? | mandate of heaven |
| what does this mean? | they ruled only as long as their rule was just |
| chinese emperors were considered to be what? | divine |
| what connected china to cultures as far away as rome? | silk road |
| people who worked for the bureaucracy of china were part of what? | civil service system |
| what fabric did china contribute to the world? | silk |
| name 4 contributions of classical china | civil service sustem. silk, porcelain, compass |
| what religion believes that humans are good, not bad? | confuciansim |
| name 5 beliefs of confuscianism | humans are good not bad, respect for elders, politeness, emphasis on education, ancestor worship |
| in what country do citizens respect their elders and worship their ancestors? | china |
| what belief of confucianism still influences china today? | code of politeness |
| what represents opposites in daoism and confucianism? | yin and yang sign |
| what religion believes in a simple life and inner peace? | taosim |
| what religion believes man should live in harmony with nature? | taoism |
| buddhism from where spread throughout asia? | china |
| what 3 religions are practiced in china? | taoism, confucianism, buddhism |
| what geographic feature shaped the economic, social, and political development of greece? | the physical geography of the aegean basin |
| the hellenic civilization took place in what country? | greece |
| how did the greeks spread the hellenic culture? | through trade and colonization |
| what sea is located east of greece? | aegean sea |
| waht sea is located south of greece? | mediterranean |
| what straight leads to the black sea? | bosporous |
| what peninsula is located east of greece? | greek |
| what area was located north of greece and was home of alexander the great? | macedonia |
| what wre the 2 main city-states of greece? | athens and sparta |
| why was agriculture limited in ancient greece? | limited arable land |
| to trade one good for another is to do what? | barter |
| what was the cheir occupation of the greeks? | trade |
| greeks practiced barter, but later changed over to what? | money economy |
| what geographical feature isolated and hindred the development of greek city-states? | mountainous terrain |
| why did the greeks colonize outside greece? | overpopulation and search for arable land |
| what did the design of greek city-states promote? | civic and commercial life |
| the greeks practiced what kind of religion? | polytheistic |
| name 3 things greek mythology explained | natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events |
| why is greek mythology still important today? | used for later western civilization |
| what did zeus represent? | kind of the gods |
| what did artemis represent? | moon and huntin |
| what did apollo represent? | sun, music, poetry |
| what did athena represent? | wisdom and war |
| what did hera represent? | queen of the gods |
| what did aphrodite represent? | love and beauty |
| what city-state had the most democratic government of its time? | athens |
| who were greek citizens? | free adult males |
| what respinsibility did greek citizens have? | civic participation in government |
| what 3 groups had no political power? | women, foreigners, slaves |
| what kind of government was ruled by one family who inherited power? | monarchy...dynasty |
| what government is ruled by a small group of nobles? | aristocracy |
| what government is ruled by one person who seixed power? | tyranny |
| what government is ruled by citizens who could vote? | democracy |
| who created written laws with severe punishment? | draco |
| who improved the legal system and expanded participation in the assembly? | solon |
| what city-state had a direct democracy? | athens |
| what 3 democratic principles began in athens? | direct democracy, public debate, and duties of the citizen |
| which greek city-state had a militaristic and aggressive society? | sparta |
| what greek city-state had an oligarchy? | sparta |
| which city-state had a rigid social structure? | sparta |
| what type of government is ruled by a small group? | oligarchy |
| which wars united athens and sparta against an external enemy? | persian |
| what was a result of the persian war for athens? | preserved their political independence |
| name 2 battles of the persian wars | marathon and salamis |
| a result of the persian war of the greeks was the control of what sea? | aegean |
| which war came first-pelopennesian or persian? | persian |
| what was the alliance headed by athens? | delian league |
| what war was casued by competition between athens and sparta for control of the greek world? | pelopennesian |
| what war caused a slowing of culture and a weakening of political power in greece? | pelopennesian |
| what was the alliance headed by sparta? | pelopennesian league |
| who was pericles? | ruler who extended democracy and rebuilt athens after the persian wars |
| who rebuilt athens after the persian wars? | pericles |
| what building was rebuilt after the persian wars? | parthenon |
| during the reign of ___, democracy was extended so all adult male citizens could vote and participate in the government/. | pericles |
| the golden age of pericles was between what 2 wars? | persian and pelopennesian |
| who wrote the illiad and the odyssey? | homer |
| name 2 greek dramatic playwrights | aeschylus and sophocles |
| name the first greek historian | heroditus |
| what greek historian wrote about the pelopenneseian war? | herodutus |
| who was the greek sculptor who created the statue of athena in the parthenon? | phidios |
| what were the 3 types of greek columns? | doric, ionian, and cointhian |
| who was the greek who developed the lever and pulley? | archimedes |
| who was the father of medicine? | hippocrates |
| name 3 greek philosophers | socrates, plato, and aristotle |
| who developed a theory about right triangles? | pythagoras |
| who was the father of geometry? | euclid |
| what war made it easier for the macedonians to conquer greece? | pelopennesian |
| what macedonian conquered most of greece? | phillip II |
| name 3 areas controlled by alexander the great | greece, egypty, and india |
| what did alexander the great spread? | greek culture |
| who conquered the persian empire and most of the ancient world? | alexander the great |
| how was hellenistic culture spread? | trough trade |
| what was hellenistic culture? | greek and oriental elements |
| where was rome located? | italian peninsula |
| name two advantages of rome's location | protection by the sea and an arc of mountains |
| what protected italy from northern invaders? | alps |
| s | ;l |
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