Vocabulary from Ch 15 of Criminal Justice
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| Corrections | Agencies of justice that take control of offenders following thier conviction
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| Prisons | State or federal connrections institution for incarceration of felons for one year or more
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| Jails | Place to detain people awaiting trial, drunks, and other disorderly individualsor misdemeanants for less than one year
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| Hulks | Old ships used to house prisoners in eighteenth century England
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| John Howard | Eighteenth century Brit who wrote The State of Prisons
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| Walnut Street Jail | A wing of this jail became a prison because of pressures from the Quakers on the Pennsylvania State Legislature
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| Penitentiary House | Prisoner quarters in the Walnut Street Jail that had solitart cells
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| Tier System | Cells built vertically on five floors under the Auburn System
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| Congregate System | Prisoners eat and work in groups
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| Auburn System | In nineteenth century New York, stressed congregate working conditions
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| Pennsylvania System | Nineteenth century system that stressed total isolation
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| Contract System | Used in early twentieth century, prisoners were leased out for private work
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| Convict-Lease System | State leased out inmates to a business for a fixed annual fee and gave up supervision and control
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| Property in Service | Control of prisoner is transferred to the contractor or shipmaster for the remainder of their sentance
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| Ticket of Leave | Conditional release where former prisoners are let out in specified areas, and conditions of release are written in a license they are required to carry at all times
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| Mark System | Inmates earn thier ticket of leave by good behavior and hard work
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| Summers-Ashurst Act | 1940 act making it illegal to transport in interstate commerce goods made in prison for private use
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| Prisoners' Rights Movement | Many cases ruled that inmates had rights to freedom of religion and speech, medical care, procedural due process, and proper living conditions
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| Medical Model | Idea that inmates are "sick people" who are suffering from some social malady preventing them from adjusting to society
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| Maximum Security Prisons | House dangerous felons with strict security measures and allowing limited contact with the outside world
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| Medium Security Prisons | House nonviolent offedners and provide more opportunity for contact with the outside world
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| Minimum Security Prisons | House white-collar and nonviolent offenders and allow liberal furloughs and visitation
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| Shock Incarceration | Short prison sentance serverd in a boot-camp
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| Boot Camps | Short term militaristic corrections facility involving intensive physical conditioning and discipline
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| Community Corrections | State and federal correctional systems for an alternative to closed institutions
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| Halfway Houses | Community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before outright release into the community to allow for acclimation into conventional society
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