Earthquake Terms.
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Faults | A planar fracture in a volume of rock in which there has been significant displacement.
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| Continental Drift | The movement of Earth's continents relative to each other.
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| Plate Tectonics | A scientific theory that describes the large scale motions of Earth's Lithosphere.
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| Earth's Crust | The outermost solid shell of rocky Earth.
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| Foreshocks | A small earthquake precedes a major earthquake or volcanic erruption.
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| San Andreas Fault | The boundary between two plates, the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate.
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| Elastic Energy | Elastic energy is internal energy that can be converted into mechanical energy under adiabatic conditions.
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| Elastic Reboud | The elastic rebound theory is an explanation for how energy is spread during earthquakes.
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| Fault Creep | Slow, more or less continuous movement occurring on faults due to ongoing tectonic deformation.
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| Stick-Slip | Stick-slip is caused by the surfaces alternating between sticking to each other and sliding over each other, with a corresponding change in the force of friction.
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| Aftershocks | An aftershock is a smaller earthquake that occurs after a previous large earthquake in the same area.
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| Earthquake | The vibration of the Earth produced by rapid release of energy.
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| Focus | The actual point in the Earth's Crust where earthquake waves begin.
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| Displacement | Earth crustal displacement refers to scientific theory which describes the large scale motions of the Earth's crust.
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| Horizontal Displacement | The component of the slip of a fault that is parallel to the strike of the fault.
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| Vertical Displacement | In tectonics, vertical displacement is the shifting of land in a vertical direction resulting in a permanent change in elevation.
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| Normal Fault (divergent plate boundary) | This occurs when the crust is extended. It is also called an extentional fault.
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| Thrust Fault (convergent plate boundary) | This is the same sense of motion as a reverse fault, but with the dip of the fault plane at less than 45 degrees.
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| Strike-Slip-Fault (transform plate boundary) | The fault surface is usually near vertical and the footwall moves either left or right or laterally with very little vertical motion.
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| Seismologist | Earth scientists, specialized in geophysics, who study the genesis and the propagation of seismic waves in geological materials.
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| Seismology | The scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth.
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| Seismograph | instruments that sense and record the motion of the Earth.
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| Seismogram | A graph output by a seismograph. It is a record of the ground motion at a measuring station as a function of time.
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| Seismic Waves | Waves of force that travel through the Earth or other elastic bodies, for example as a result of an earthquake, explosion, or some other process that imparts forces.
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| Surface Waves | A mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media, usually two fluids with different densities.
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| Body Waves | A seismic wave that moves through the interior of the earth, as opposed to surface waves that travel near the earth's surface.
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| P-Waves (primary wave) | Waves, that can travel through gases, solids and liquids, including the Earth. P-waves are produced by earthquakes.
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| S-Waves (secondary wave) | one of the two main types of elastic body waves, so named because they move through the body of an object, unlike surface waves.
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