Adolescence
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| Adolescence | Transition period from childhood to adulthood, Extending from puberty to independence
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| Puberty | Period of sexual maturation. Person becomes capable of reproducing
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| Primary Sexual Characteristics | Body structures that make sexual reproduction possible
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| Secondary Sexual Characteristics | Non-reproductive sexual characteristics
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| Menarche | First menstrual period
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| Sperm-arch | First ejaculation in boys. Usually occurs as a nocturnal emission
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| Erik Erikson | Each stage of life has its own psychosocial task, a crisis that needs resolution
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| Infancy | Birth-1yr. Trust vs Mistrust. If needs are dependably met, infants will develop a sense of basic trust.
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| Toddler hood | 1-2yrs. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt. Learn to exercise will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities.
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| Preschooler | 3-5yrs. Initiative vs Guilt. Learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or feel guilty about efforts to be independent.
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| Elementary School | 6yrs-Puberty. Competence vs Inferiority. Learn pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior.
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| Adolescence | Teen yrs into 20s. Identity vs Role Confusion.
Work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are.
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| Young Adulthood | 20s-Early 40s. Intimacy vs Isolation. Struggle to form close relationships and gain capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated.
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| Middle Adulthood | 40s-60s. Generativity vs Stagnation. Discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family or work, or they may feel a lack of purpose.
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| Late Adulthood | Late 60s+. Integrity vs Despair. Reflecting on life, may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure.
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| Delay Gratification | Delay small gratifications now to enable bigger rewards later.
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| Identity | Ones sense of self. According to Erikson, Adolescents task is to solidify sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.
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| Search For Identity | Erikson contended that adolescents wonder who they are, what they want, what values to live by, and what to believe in.
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| Intimacy | In Eriksons theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships. Primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.
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| Lawrence Kohlberg | Sought to describe the development of moral reasoning.
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| Moral Reasoning | Thinking that occurs as we consider right and wrong.
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| Preconventional Morality | Before age 9. Preconventional morality of self-interest. Obey to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards.
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| Conventional Morality | Early Adolescence. Cares for others, upholds laws and social rules simply because they are laws and rules.
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| Postconventional Morality | Some who develop abstract reasoning thought may come to a 3rd level. Affirms agreed upon rights or follows personal perception of basic ethical principles.
*Occurs more-so in individualist society.
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| The Social Intuitionist | Jonathan Haidts account of morality, where moral feelings precede moral reasoning.
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| Emerging Adulthood | 18-Mid 20s. Not yet settled phase of life. No longer adolescents, but have not yet taken on adult level responsibilities and independence.
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