Radiographic Anatomy
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| What's the path the spinal cord travel? | Medulla oblongata, C1, lower border of L1, Conus Medullaris
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| What is the Conus Medullaris? | Where the Spinal Cord tapers off to a point.
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| Where is the most common site for a lumbar puncture is? | L3-L4
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| What do the Intervertebral Disks do? | Spinal stability, flexibility, & movement of the vertebral column.
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| How many sacral bones does a newborn have? | 5
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| How many coccyx bones does a newborn have? | 3-5
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| How many seperate bones in the vertebral column does a child have? | 33
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| How many seperate bones in the vertebral column does an adult have? | 26
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| Concave? | A rounded inward or depressed surface like a "cave". Cervical and Lumbar
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| Convex? | A rounded outward or elevated surface. Thoracic and Sacral.
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| Lordotic | Concave curvature of the spine.
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| Primary curves | Thoracic and Sacral.
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| Compensatory curves | Cervical and Lumbar
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| What is the purpose of the Primary and Compensatory curves? | Increases the strength & balance of the vertebral column.
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| Lordosis | bent backward; abnormally increased "swayback"
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| Kyphosis | "humpback"; increased convexity
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| Scoliosis | exaggerated lateral curvature
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| What are the two main parts of a Vertebra? | Body & Vertebral Arch
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| Intervertebral joints are amphiarthroidial or diarthroidial? | Amphiarthrodial
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| Where do the Costal joints articulate? | 12 ribs of the Thoracic region.
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| What do the Superior Vertebral Arch and Inferior Vertebral Arch form? | Intervertebral Foramen
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| Which vertebrae are not seperated by an Intervertebral Disk? Why? | Between C1-C2. C1 has no Body.
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| Annulus Fibrosus | The outer fibrous portion of the Intervertebral Disk.
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| Nucleus Pulposus | Semigelatinous inner portion of the Intervertebral Disk.
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| What are the three unique characteristics of the cervical vertebra? | bifid spinous process tips, overlapping bodies, and the three foraminae on each vertebrae
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| Another name for C1 | Atlas
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| Another name for C2 | Axis
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| Which vertebrae are considered "typical" cervical vertebra? | C3-C6
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| Supportive column of bone in cervical vertebrae | articular pilar
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| Column of bone on C1 | lateral mass
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| What projection are the Zygopophyseal Joints visualized in the C-spine? | True lateral position; right angles; 90degrees
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| What projection are the Intervertebral Foraminae visualized? | 45 degree oblique with a 15 degree cephalad angle
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| What articulates with the right and left occipital condyles of the skull? | superior facet of C1
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| Which articulations are between C1 and the occipital condyles of teh skull? | atlantooccipital articulations
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| Rotation of the head primarily occurs between C1 and C2, with the ___________ acting as a pivot. | Dens
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| Each Thoracic vertebra has two partial facets called... | demifacets
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| Each facet or combination of two demifacets accepts the head of the rib to form which type of joint? | costovertebral joint
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| On which margin of T1 does it have a full facet and a demifacet? | inferior
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| Which margins of T2-T8 contain demifacets? | upper and lower margins
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| Which Throacic vertebra has only one demifacet on its upper margin? | T9
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| Which Thoracic vertebrae has full facets? | T10-T12
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| Which joints do ribs 11 and 12 articulate with? | costovertebral joints
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| In the Thoracic vertebrae, the zygapophyseal joints form an angle of___________ from the midsagittal plane. | 70-75 degrees
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| In the Thoracic vertebrae, the Intervertebral Foramina is best visualized in which position? | true lateral; 90 degrees from MSP
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| On the AP C-spine, what is the CR angle used to open up the lower intervertebral spaces? | 20 degrees cephalad
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| On the C-spine, the zygapophyseal joints are best visualized in which position? | lateral
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| Which position of the C-spine best opens up the foramina on the right side and with a 15 degree cephalad angle? | LPO
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| On posterior obliques of the C-spine, which side (upside or downside) opens up the intervertebral foramina? | upside
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| On anterior obliques of the C-spine, which side (upside or downside) opens up the intervertebral foramina? | downside
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| What is the angle required for an anterior oblique position of the C-spine? | 15 degree caudad
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| Where are the zygapophyseal joints located on the C-spine? | between the articular pillars of each vertebra
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| In which position of the T-spine best shows the intervertebral foramina? | lateral
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| Which oblique angle of the T-spine opens up the zygapophyseal joints? | 70 degrees
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| Posterior obliques of the T-spine show the zygapophyseal joints on the upside or downside? | upside
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| Anterior obliques of the T-spine show the zygopophyseal joints on the upside or the downside? | downside
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