Cervical/Thoracic Pathology
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| Clay Shoveler's Fracture | Fracture resulting from hyperflexion of the neck resulting in avulsion fractures on the spinous processes of C6 thru T1
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| Compression Fracture | Collapse of a vertebral body. Can result in severe Kyphosis. Anterior edge collapses changing the Body into a wedge instead of a block. Lateral Projection
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| Hangmans Fracture | Extends thru pedicles of C2 w/ or w/o subluxation of C2 upon C3. Neck hyperextends. Lateral Projection
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| Jefferson Fracture | Produced by landing on one's head or abruptly on one's feet. Anterior and posterior arches of C1 are fractured. AP open mouth & LAT c-spine
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| Odontoid Fracture | Involves the Dens & can extend into the lateral masses/arches of C1. AP open mouth projection
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| Teardrop Burst Fracture | Compression w/hyperflexion in cervical region. Body is comminuted w/triangular fragments from the anteroinferior border & fragments from the posterior body displaced into the spinal canal. Neurological damage (quadriplegia). CT, AP,LAT c-spine
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| Facets-unilateral subluxations & bilateral locks | Zygopophyseal joints in cervical region disrupted during trauma.1 Zygo.joint may be out of alignment.Radiographically "bow tie". Both rt. & lft. zygo.joints on the same level can be disrupted creating bilateral locked facets.Body "jumped" over Body.AP,LAT
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| Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) | Inner part of intervertebral disk protrudes thru fibrous cartilage outer layer (annulus) into spinal canal."Slipped disk". Myelography traditionaly used; now MRI.
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| Kyphosis | Abnormal/exaggerated convex curvature of T-Spine. LAT projection
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| Lordosis | Normal concave curvature of L-Spine & an abnormal/exaggerated concave lumbar curvature. LAT projection
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| Scoliosis | Abnormal/exaggerated lateral curvature of spine.
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| Osteoarthritis | degeneration fo one or many joints. Changes include bony sclerosis, degeneration of cartilage, & formation of osteophytes.
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| Osteoporosis (-) | Loss of bone mass. increases w/age,immobilization,long-term steriod therapy,& menopause. Bone densitometry.
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| Scheuermann's Disease | Begins during adolescence. Abnormal spinal curvature of kyphosis & scoliosis.
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| Ankylosing Spondylitis | Results in stiffness and paraspinal calcification.
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| Transitional Vertebra | When the vertebra takes on a characteristic of the adjacent region of the spine. Mostly in lumbosacral region resulting in englarged transverse processes. Projects from C7.
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