Chapter 7 Evolution
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| Charles ___ was the first to compile persuasive evidence supporting evolution. | Darwin
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| ___ is genetic change in a population over time. | Evolution
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| Darwin’s ___ transformed the natural sciences and serves as the basis of all biological research today | theory
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| Darwin served as a ___ on the British naval ship the H.M S. Beagle. | naturalist
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| The ___ sailed for five years from England to South America to make naval maps. | Beagle
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| Darwin observed ___, collected samples of new plants and animals, and wrote aboutplaces and organisms few people had seen. | nature
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| Darwin’s most unique findings were the diversity and uniqueness of organisms on the___ Islands, 1,000 km off the coast of South America. | Galápagos
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| After comparing animals and animal fossils from different islands, he observed that theywere different from organisms on the ___ ___ mainland. | South American
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| Darwin reasoned that some species might have originated in South America but had___ to be different. | evolved
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| Darwin found enormous ___ on all of the Galápagos Islands. | tortoises
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| Tortoises had ___ -____ shells and short necks where they ate low-growing plants. | dome-shaped
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| Tortoises had saddle-shaped shells and ___ necks where they ate high-growing cactus. | longer
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| Darwin concluded that the different tortoises descended from a common ancestral___ in South America, but each evolved to fit its unique environment. | population
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| Darwin observed that finches on different islands had distinct ___ sizes and shapes. | beak
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| He concluded that the finches, like the tortoises, had a common South American ancestor, but that they became different to suit the different island ___. | habitats
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| ___ ___ occurs when people breed plants and animals, such as vegetables or cows,to produce desired traits. | Selective breeding
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| Selective breeding does not produce new ___; all dogs can still have offspring with their common ancestor, the wolf. | species
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| Darwin’s theory of ___ ___ states that organisms with traits that allow them to survive in particular environments pass traits on that could lead to new species. | natural selection
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| ___ ___ is the creation of a diversity of traits through gamete formation. | Genetic variation
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| A harmful ___ may cause an organism to die. | trait
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| A beneficial trait will be passed on to thenext ___. | generation
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| Genetic variation is necessary for ___ by natural selection to occur. | evolution
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| Animals often produce more ___ than available resources can support. | offspring
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| Thomas Malthus described this “struggle to survive” among the human ___. | population
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| Darwin applied Malthus’ ideas to the ___ for survival among individuals in a species. | competition
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| Organisms best prepared for living in specific habitats will survive and ___, and their offspring will be best able to survive and reproduce as well. | reproduce
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| New species can develop if organisms with common ancestors become ___ and naturalselection causes them to differentiate in response to different environments. | isolated
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| Inherited traits that increase an organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing in aparticular environment are called ___. | adaptations
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| Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection includes four steps: ___, variation, inherited variation, and natural selection. | overproduction
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| Populations evolve as favorable ___ in particular environments spread throughgenerations. | traits
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| After 20 years, Darwin published "The ___ of Species by Natural Selection." | Origin
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| Darwin developed the idea that all organisms have “descended with ___” from common ancestors. | modification
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| Darwin believed that evolution by natural selection explains the ___ of modernorganisms. | diversity
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| Organisms evolve ___ for specific environments through natural selection. | adaptations
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| Adaptations are the result of a long process by which ___ are passed from one generation to another. | traits
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| People may ___ the word adaptation, believing adaptations occur within ageneration and/or are intentional rather than naturally selected. | misinterpret
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| Not all inherited traits are adaptations; negative traits may stay in a population if they are ___ to beneficial ones. | linked
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| Positive traits may help an organism to ___; negative traits may cause it to die off. | survive
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| Two ___ of adaptations are structural adaptations and behavioral adaptations. | types
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| ___ ___ are aspects of the physical body that help organisms survive and reproduce. | Structural adaptations
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| ___, or blending in with one’s surroundings, is a type of structural adaptation. | Camouflage
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| Lizards change ___ to blend in with their surroundings. | color
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| Young animals sometimes have ___ coloration when they are more vulnerable to predators. | camouflage
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| ___ is when one species looks or behaves like another. | Mimicry
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| Some ___ organisms look like other dangerous or poisonous organisms to discourage predators. | harmless
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| In another type of mimicry, a species fools its ___ by looking inviting or familiar. | prey
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| ___ ___, also called instincts, depend on the actions of an organism. | Behavioral adaptations
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| Clapper Rails build their ___ so that they will rise and fall with wetland tides. | nests
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| The male satin bower bird ___ its nest to attract a female mate. | decorates
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| A species becomes ___ when all of the individuals of that species are wiped out. | extinct
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| Several major events in the ___ of Earth have led to extinctions. | history
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| Major ___ of extinction are habitat destruction, loss of genetic diversity, and introduction of exotic species. | causes
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| Habitats for plants and animals ___ as humans develop and occupy more space. | shrink
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| The fewer the individuals left of a species, the less ___ ___ in the population. | genetic variation
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| A species is ___ if there are so few individuals that the lack of genetic diversity could lead to species extinction. | threatened
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| The introduction of ___ species can lead to competition with native species. | exotic
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| If the exotic species has few ___, it can out-compete native species and push themtoward extinction. | predators
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| If ___ environmental change occurs where only small populations of a species exist, lack of genetic variation could lead to extinction relatively quickly. | rapid
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