Midterm review for Science
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Alfred Wegener | German scientist proposed the theory of continental drift
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| continental drift | the idea that the continents are moving or drifting that they drifted in the past and that they continue to drift
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| lithosphere | top layer of the mantle;hard like the crust
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| 3 types of plate boundaries | fracture boundaries
spreading boundaries
colliding boundaries
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| fracture boundaries | these boundaries slide past each other
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| spreading boundaries | these boundaries move away from each other allowing magma to rise to the surface and cause volcanoes
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| colliding boundaries | these boundaries move towards each other causing earthquakes or volcanoes
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| plates | huge sections of the crust and lithosphere that flow or drift across the earth
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| crater | is a steep sided depression at the top of a volcano. it can form during an eruption or if the rim of the volcano collapses
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| lava | it is magma that reaches the surface
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| magma | molten rock beneath the surface of the earth
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| fault | a crack in the earth's crust
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| epicenter | point on earth's surface directly over the focus
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| focus | under ground point where the earthquake occurs
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| ridges | mountains under the ocean
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| outer core | inner most layer of the earth that scientists think is made of iron mixed with smaller amounts of smaller material
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| inner core | inner most layer of earth mostly made of iron
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| convection currents | movement caused by the rising of hot melted rock and the downward movement of that same rock as it cools
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| mantle | middle layer it is the thickest layer and contains most of earth's mass
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| pangaea | name of the super continent when all earth's land masses were group together
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| galileo | a scientist who in the 1600s studied falling objects and the idea of gravity
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| issac newton | in 1686 he published his book principia in it related forces in the motion of objects his book had the idea of many scientists together in a way people could understand them
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| first law of motion | an object at rest stays at rest an object in motion remains in motion at a constant speed and in a straight line unless a unbalanced force is acted on it
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| 2nd law of motion | acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the net force applied
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| 3rd law of motion | when a force is applied to an object the objects exerts an equal force in the opposite direction
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| inertia | is the tendency of an object at rest remains at rest or in constant motion unless a force acts on it
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| balanced force | causes no change in motion even if an object is moving
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| unbalanced force | can cause an object at rest to move it can also change the speed or direction of a moving object
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| friction | force that resists movement of one surface past another; friction produces thermal energy
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| rolling friction | resists movement of a rolling object
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| swliding friction | resists movement of a sliding object
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| static friction | resists a movement of an object begins to move
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| volume | tells how much space an object takes up
v= l*w*h
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| density | measures the amount of matter in a given space
D=M/V
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| mass | the amount of matter that makes up an object
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| chemical change | when a new substance is made or reacts with something else
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| physical change | are observable and meaureable and do not change the matter
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| signs of chemical change | when a new substance is formed
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| four states of matter | solid
liquid
gas
plasma
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| solid | definite shape and volume
particles are close together
and have strong attraction to hold together
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| liquid | definate volume no definate shape particles have less attraction than particles in a solid so they can move more freely (pour)
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| gas | no definite shape take the shape of their container,no definite volume, particles have little attractions to each other and move in different directions to each other
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| plasma | no dfinite shape or volume particles can conduct electricity
ex. lighting, fire, welding arcs, flouresent and neon lights
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| are the melting point and freezing the same | yes
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| what happens when the attraction of particles gets an increase in temperature | they melt
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