Microbio -17- Traveler's health #1
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| WHat are the most common disease that are vaccinized against or treated prophylactically | Diarrhea, Hep A, Malaria, Yellow Fever, Typhoid
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| What is the virus common among cruise ships | norovirus
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| What is the most common cause of traveler's diarrhea | E. Coli
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| What is the route of infection of E. Coli causing traveler's diarrhea | oral fecal route
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| What are the less common causes of traveler's diarrhea | Campylobacter, shigella, salmonella, viruses and parasites are less common.
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| What should you advise the patient who is traveling to a foreign country | avoid foods that are not steaming hot, raw vegetables and fruite they have not peeled themselves and tap water including ice
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| What is the recommended antibiotic for prophylaxis by the CDC | CDC actually doesn't recommend prophylaxis with travelers diarrhea
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| What can you give as a more natural prophylaxis for travelers diarrhea | probiotics are more natural studies suggest lactobacillus GG may have protection rates up to 47%
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| What can be given to relieve symptoms in less than 24 hrs for traveler's diarhhea | imodium + Cipro
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| If traveler's diarrhea is associated with high fever or bloody stools what is recommended treatment for adults | Cipro for three days
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| infection that has similar risk factors to traveler's diarrhea, Is viral (RNA picornavirus Single serotype worldwide) and often endemic in certain areas is trasmitted by oral-fecal route of transmission Marked by acute disease and asymptomatic infection | Hep A
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| Is there a chronic infection with Hep A | no protective antibodies develop in response to infection and confers lifelong immunity
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| What are the s/sx of hep a infection | include fever, malaise, stomach cramps and Jaundice in adults,
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| What is the common prevention for Hep A | Vaccination and if no vaccination you can give gamma globulin
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| Common infection worldwide that is transmitted via mosquito | Malaria
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| How many people each year die from malaria | one million
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| What is uncomplicated malaria | the classical malaria attack that last 6-10 hours but is rarely observed
consists of
-a cold stage
-a hot stage
-a sweating stage
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| How often doe the classical umcomplicated malaria attack present | occurs every second day with tertian parasites and every third day with quartan parasite
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| HOw can you dx malaria with blood | get a blood sample during malaria attack and stain it with giemsa and is the gold standard for lab confirmation of malaria.
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| Besides blood smear how else can you dx malaria | rapid diagnostic test but is only approved for 2 malaria antigens
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| What stage of the malaria infection are most drugs targeted at | most drugs are active against the parasite form in the blood
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| What is the protocol for a patient who will be traveling to a malaria endemic area | give them prophylaxis treatment.
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| How is yellow fever transmitted | transmitted by mosquito bite
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| What precautions should be taken in yellow fever endemic areas | get vaccine and use DEET and permethrin repellents to avoid mosquito bites
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| Disease caused by Salmonella typhi or paratyphoid | Typhoid Fever
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| What are the main sources of infection with typhoid fever | contaminated water, milk and food handlers who are carriers of the disease.
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| What are the s/sx of typhoid infection | insidious onset of fever, headache, constipation, malaise, chills, myalgia (very similar to other infectious disease)
Confusion, delerium, intestinal perforation and death may occur in severe cases.
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| What is the tx for typhoid | antimicrobial therapy shortens the clinical course of typhoid fever and reduces the risk of death.
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| How can you prevent typhoid | can be prevented by vaccination or oral route pill
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| WHat is the dermatological sign of typhoid fever | rose spot that blanches with slide
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| what has been developed that aids in dx of norovirus infection | RT-PCR tests that can be used to test stool samples of patient
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| what is the prognosis and tx for norovirus | most patients will be ill on briefly and the greatest fear is dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea
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| How does norovirus typically present | presents as an acute-onset of vomiting, watery non bloody diarrhea with abdominal cramps and nausea
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| If someone was talking about being infected with norwalk virus what other name could they use to describe their infection | norovirus
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