Lumbar/Sacrum Unit 8
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| AP Axial Sacrum CR | 2" superior to pubic symphesis, 15 degrees cephalic (20 on females)
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| AP Axial Coccyx CR | 2" superior to pubic symphesis, 10 degrees caudal
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| AP Axial SI Joints | 1.5" superior to pubic symphesis, 30-35 degrees cephalic (35 for females)
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| oblique SI joint CR | 1" medial to raised ASIS, pt oblique 25-30 degrees
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| Lateral sacrum CR | at level of ASIS and 3.5" posterior
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| Lateral coccyx CR | 2" inferior and 3.5" posterior to ASIS
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| Lateral sacrum/coccyx CR | 2" inferior and 3.5" posterior to ASIS
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| Lumbar routine | AP, 2 obliques, Lateral and L5S1 spot
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| AP Lumbar CR | at iliac crest (for lumbosacral)
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| Lumbar oblique CR | 2" medial to raised ASIS and 1.5" above crest, 45 degree oblique
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| Lateral Lumbar CR | at iliac crest (only left laterals)
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| Lat L5S1 Spot CR | 2" posterior to ASIS and 1.5" inferior to iliac crest
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| kyphosis | abnormal forward curve of T spine
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| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curve of the spine
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| spondylolisthesis | one vertebra slips forward on the vertebra below
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| fibrocartilage disks | between 2 bodies of vertebrae
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| spina bifida | arch of the vertebrae fails to meet at the midline
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| slipped disk | herniated nucleus pulposus HNP
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| HNP | pulpy nucleus ruptures impinging on spinal nerve
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| last moveable joint in lower spine | lumbosacral junction (L5S1)
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| pars interarticularis | portion of lamina between 2 articular processes, commonly fx
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| zygapophyseal joint | formed by inferior articular process of one vertebra and superior articular process of one below it, seen on oblique
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| intervertebral foramen | formed by inf vertebral notch of one vertebra and superior vertebral notch of other, seen on lat
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| sacrum | 5 segments, female more acute
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| sacral promontory | anterior border
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| pelvic sacral foramina | 4 pairs
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| sacral hiatus | between cornu
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| sacral cornu | sacral horn
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| medial sacral crest | ridge on posterior surface
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| sacralization | L5 fuses with S1, 4 lumbar
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| lumbarization | S1 and S2 don't fuse, 6 lumbar
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| coccyx | 3-5 (usually 4) coccageal segments, males curve more forward
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| reasons for not collimating too much for AP Lumbar | looking for metastic rib lesions, rib fractures, kidney stones
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| AP Axial L5S1 (special view) | CR 30-35 degrees cephalad, 1.5" above pubic symphesis
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| scoliosis series (basic) | ap and lat erect, cR 1-2" below crest
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| scoliosis series (special) | ap ferguson, ap right and left bending, lat flexion and extension
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| Ferguson | 1st view standing normal, 2nd with one side elevated
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| dog front leg | inf articular process
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| dog ear | sup articular process
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| nose | transverse process
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| eye | pedicle
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| neck | pars interarticularis
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| spondylolysis | breaking down of vertebra
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| lordotic (secondary) curves | cervical and lumbar, convex anteriorly
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| kyphotic (primary) curves | thoracic and pelvic, concave anteriorly
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| lordosis | abnormal increase in anterior convexity of lumbar or cervical curve
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| L4, L5 | level of iliac crest
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| S1, S2 | level of ASIS
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| process extending laterally and posteriorly from the body | pedicles
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| process extending posteriorly from the junction of both laminae | spinous process
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| process extending laterally from the pedicle-laminae junction | transverse process
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| articular processes | zygapophyses
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| solid anterior part of vertebrae | body
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| connects the transverse process with the spinous process | laminae
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Created by:
sandonblaise
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