Stack #31571
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| Alliteration | repetition of consonant sounds in words that are close to one another
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| Allusion | a reference to a statement, person, place, event, or thing that is known from literature, history, religion, mythology, politics, sports, science, or popular culture
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| Antagonist | character or force who comes into conflict with the protagonist
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| Antithesis | a contrast of ideas expressed in a grammatically balanced statement; ex. "and wretches hang that jurymen may dine"
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| Aphorism | a concise, sometimes witty saying that expresses a principle, truth, or observation about life; ex. "to err is human, to forgive, divine"
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| Apostrophe | a figure of speech where a speaker directly addresses an absent or dead person, an abstract quality, or something nonhuman as if it were present and capable of responding
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| Aside | private words that a character in a play speaks to the audience or to another character that are not supposed to be overheard by the others onstage
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| Assonance | the repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds in words that are close together; ex. face and fade
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| Blank Verse | poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter
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| Character | an individual in a story or play
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| Cliche | an expression that was fresh and apt when first coined but is now so overused that it has become hackneyed and stale; ex. busy as a bee
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| Climax | the point of greatest emotional intensity or suspense within the plot
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| Complication/Crisis | part of the story where the main character takes some sort of action to resolve the conflict and meets with problems or complications
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| Conceit | a fanciful and elaborate figure of speech that makes a suprising connection between two seemingly dissimilar things
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| Conflict | a struggle or clash between opposing characters, forces, or emotions
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| Consonance | the repetition of final consonant sounds after different vowel sounds; ex. turn and torn
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| Dead Metaphor | a metaphor that has become so common that we no longer even notice that it is a figure of speech; ex. foot of the bed
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| Diction | a writer's or speaker's choice of words that expresses the writer's style; wording can be flowery (boutique), modern (pharmacy), old-fashioned (apothecary), general (sandwich), or specific (grilled cheese on rye)
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| Direct Characterization | when a writer tells us what the character looks like
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| Dramatic Irony | occurs when the audience or the readers know something important that a character in a play or story doesn't know (or has just found out about)
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| Dynamic Character | a character who changes in an important and believable way during the course of the story
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| Epigram | a brief, clever, and usually memorable statement; ex. "we think our fathers fools, so wise we grow, our wiser sons, no doubt, will think us so" or "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise"
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| Epitaph | an inscription on a tombstone or a commemorative poem written about a dead person
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| Extended Metaphor | a metaphor that is extended, or developed, over several lines of writing or even throughout an entire poem
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| External Conflict | when the character struggles against some outside force: another person, society, natural disasters, etc
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| Falling Action | all the action following the turning point of the plot
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| Figurative Language | language that intentionally departs from the normal construction or meaning of words in order to create a certain effect or to make an analogy between two seemingly dissimilar things
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| Figure of Speech | a word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another and is not meant to be understood on a literal level
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| First-Person Point of View | the narrator is a character in the story
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| Flat Character | a character with only 1 or 2 key personality traits and can be described in a single sentence
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| Foil | a character who sets off another character by strong contrast; emphasizes the differences between two characters
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| Foreshadowing | the use of clues to hint at what is going to happen later in the plot
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| Hyperbole | a figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion or create a comic effect (overstatement)
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| Iamb | a metrical foot or unit of measure
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| Imagery | language that appeals ot the senses
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| Implied Metaphor | words that imply a comparison between two objects; ex. molt and wings imply a comparason between time and a bird shedding his feathers
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| Indirect Characterization | when we interpret the character for ourselves by observing his appearance, speech, private thoughts, effect on other characters, and accounts
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| Internal Conflict | struggles against opposing needs, desires, or emotions within the character himself
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| Irony | a contrast or discrepancy between expectation and reality - between what is said and what is really meant, what is expected and what really happens, or what appears to be true and what is really true
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| Kenning | a metaphorical phrase or compound word used to name a person, place, thing, or event indirectly; ex. "whale-road"
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| Limited Third-Person | the narrator is outside the story but tells the story from the vantage point of only one character
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| Metaphor | figure of speech that makes a comparison between two seemingly unlike things without using a connective word "like", "as", "than", or "resembles"
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| Metonymy | a figure of speech where something closely related to a thing or suggested by it is substituted for the thing itself; ex. the judiciary = "the bench, the king = "the crown"
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| Mixed Metaphor | the incongruous mixture of two or more metaphors
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| Motif | a word, character, object, image, metaphor, or idea that recurs in a work
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| Omniscient | the person telling the story knows everything going on in the story, even the person's personal thoughts and feelings
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| Onomatopoeia | the use of a word whose sound imitates or suggests its meaning; ex. BANG!
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| Oxymoron | a figure of speech that combines apparently contradictory or incongruous ideas; ex "bittersweet"
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| Paradox | apparent contradiction that is actually true; "Lesser than Macbeth and Greater", "Fair is foul and foul is fair", "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times..."
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| Pentameter | a poem with 5 iambs per line
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| Personification | a kind of metaphor where a nonhuman thing or quality is talked aout as if it were human
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| Plot | a series of related events connected together like links in a chain
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| Point of View | the vantage point from which a writer tells a story
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| Protagonist | the main character
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| Puns | a play on the multiple meanings of a word or of two words that sound alike but have different meanings; ex. Why was Cleopatra so negative? Because she was the queen of denial!
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| Resolution | occurs at the very end of the story, when all the conflicts are resolved
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| Rhymed Couplet | two lines that rhyme in a poem
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| Rising Action | all the action leading up to the turning point of the plot
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| Round Character | a more complex character with more sides to their personality
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| Setting | when and where a story takes place
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| Simile | figure of speech that makes a comparison between two seemingly unlike things by using a connective word "like", "as", "than", or "resembles"
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| Epic Simile (Homeric Simile) | extended simile in which many parallels are made between two dissimilar things
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| Single-Word Implied Mataphor | a metaphor said in a single word that is implied
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| Situational Irony | when things turn out differently from what is expected
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| Soliloquy | a long speech where a character, usually alone onstage, expresses his or her private thoughts or feelings; ex. "To be, or not to be..."
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| Static Character | a character that is exactly the same from the beginning of the story to the end of the story
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| Stock Character | a character who fits our preconceived notions about a "type"
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| Style | the manner in which writers or speakers say what they wish to say; can be formal, casual, plain, ornate, abstract, concrete, comic, poetic, forceful, journalistic, etc
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| Symbol | a person, place, thing, or even event that stands for both itself and something beyond itself; ex. lion= power, dove = peace (these are sometimes called public symbols)
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| Synaesthesia | a term used for descriptions of one kind of sensation in terms of another; ex. tasting of flora and the country green, dance, and provencal song, and sunburnt mirth"
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| Theme | the central idea or insight of a work of literature
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| Tone | the attitude a writer takes toward the reader, a subject, or a character (conveyed through the writer's choice of words and details)
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| Tragedy | a play, novel, or narrative depicting serious and important events, in which the main character comes to an unhappy end
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| Tragic Flaw | an error in judgement or a weakness in a dignified, courageous, and often high ranking character
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| Understatement | a figure of speech that consists of saying less than what is really meant or saying something with less force than is appropriate; ex. "it's only a little wet out there" when hurricanes are being dumped on you
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| Verbal Irony | when you say the opposite of what you really mean; sarcasm
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| Synecdoche | a figure of speech where a part stands for the whole; ex. "our daily bread" = food
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