All these things you need to know about the brain and its functions
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| A brain area associated with movement, the sense of smell, and higher mental functions | Front Lobes
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| The neurotransmitter released by neurons to activate muscles | Acetylcholine
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| Positron emission tomography; a computer-generated image of brain activity based on glucose consumption in the brain | PET scan
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| A branch of the autonomic system responsible for arousing and activating the body at times of stress | Sympathetic branch
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| A hormone produced by the pineal gland in response to cycles of light and dark | Melatonin
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| Brain chemicals that regulate the activity of neurons, thereby influencing memory, emotion, pain, hunger, and other behavior | Neuropeptides
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| An adrenal hormone that tends to arouse the body; associated with fear; also known as adrenaline | Epinephrine
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| An area on the brainstem that acts as a bridge between the medulla and other structures | Pons
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| Branching fibers at the ends of axons | Axon terminals
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| Glands whose secretions pass directly into the blood stream or lymph system | Endocrine system
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| The layer of tissue that forms the outer layer and surface of the cerebrum; responsible for basic sensory and motor functions as well as higher mental processes in humans | Cerebral cortex
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| The two large hemispheres that cover the upper part of the brain | Cerebrum
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| A device designed to detect, amplify, and record electrical activity in the brain | Electroencephalograph (EEG)
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| Use of an electrode to destroy small areas deep within the brain | Deep lesioning
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| All parts of the nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord | Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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| The point at which a nerve impulse is triggered | Threshold
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| Computed tomography scan; a computer enhanced X-ray image of the brain or body | CT scan
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| Magnetic resonance imaging that records brain activity | fMRI scan
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| A hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland, that promotes bodily growth | Growth hormone
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| Major nerves that leave the brain without passing through the spinal cord | Cranial nerves
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| An inability to grasp the meaning of stimuli, such as words, objects, or pictures; an inability to recognize familiar faces | Agnosia (facial agnosia)
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| A speech disturbance resulting from brain damage | Aphasia
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| All areas of the cerebral cortex that are not primarily sensory or motor in function | Association cortex
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| The system of nerves carrying information to and from the internal organs and glands | Autonomic system
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| Fiber that carries information away from the cell body of a neuron | Axon
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| The brain and spinal cord | Central nervous system (CNS)
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| The bundle of fibers connecting the cerebral hemispheres | Corpus callosum
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| A branch of the autonomic nervous system that quiets the body | Parasympathetic branch
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| The nerve impulse, which is a rapid change in electrical charge across the cell membrane | Action potential
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| All brain structures below the cerebral cortex | Subcortex
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| A layer of living cells that encases the axons of some neurons | Neurilemma
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| The simplest behavior pattern; involving only three neurons, leads from a stimulus to an autonomic response, such as an eye blink or knee jerk | Reflex arc
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| The electrical charge that exists between the inside and outside of a neuron at rest | Resting potential
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| A part of the reticular formation that activates the cerebral cortex | Reticular activating system
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| Sensory - A nerve cell that carries information from the senses toward the central nervous system | Sensory neuron
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| The system of nerves linking the spinal cord with the body and sense organs | Somatic system
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| The part of the parietal lobes that serves as a receiving area for bodily sensations | Somatosensory area
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| The main body of a neuron or other cell | Soma
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| One of 62 major nerves that channel sensory and motor information in and out of the spinal cord | Spinal nerves
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| Cutting the corpus callosum | Split brain
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| The lowest portions of the brain, including the cerebellum, medulla, and reticular formation | Brainstem
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| Channels through the axon membrane | Ion channels
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| A system of interconnected structures in the forebrain that are closely associated with emotional response | Limbic system
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| The right and left (hemispheres) halves of the cerebrum | Cerebral hemispheres
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| The microscopic space between an axon terminal and another neuron, over which neurotransmitters pass | Synapse
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| Opiate-like brain chemicals that regulate reactions to pain and stress | Enkephalins
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| A nerve cell that serves as a link between two others | Connector neuron
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| Fibers projecting from nerve cells that receive information from other neurons and carry it to the cell body | Dendrites
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| A class of chemicals produced by the pituitary gland that are similar in structure and painkilling effect to opiate drugs such as morphine | Endorphins
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| Any of a number of chemical substances secreted by neurons that alter activity in other neurons | Neurotransmitter
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| Areas on the surface of neurons and other cells that are sensitive to neurotransmitters or hormones | Receptor sites
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| Individual nerve cells | Neuron
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| A bundle of neuron fibers | Nerve
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| Endocrine glands whose hormones arouse the body, regulate salt balance, adjust the body to stress, and affect sexual functioning | Adrenal glands
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| Endocrine gland whose hormones help regulate metabolism (the production and expenditure of energy within the body) | Thyroid gland
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| A small area at the base of the brain that regulates many aspects of motivation and emotion; especially hunger, thirst and sexual behavior | Hypothalamus
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| A structure at the center of the brain that relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex | Thalamus
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| A network of fibers within the medulla associated with attention, alertness, and activation of higher mental processes | Reticular formation
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| The outer layer of the adrenal glands; produce hormones that affect salt intake, reactions to stress, and sexual development | Adrenal cortex
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| The inner core of the adrenal glands; a source of epinephrine and norepinephrine | Adrenal medulla
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| Cells and muscles and glands specialized for the production of responses | Effector cells
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| Area at the top of the brain that includes sites where bodily sensations register in the brain | Parietal lobes
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| The master gland at the base of the brain whose hormones influence the output of other endocrine glands | Pituitary gland
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| A nerve cell that carries motor commands from the CNS to muscles and glands | Motor neuron
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| Magnetic resonance imaging; a computer-enhanced three-dimensional representation of the brain or body based on the body's response to a magnetic field | MRI scan
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| A fatty layer coating some axons | Myelin
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| A drop in electrical charge below the resting potential | Negative after-potential
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| A glandular secretion that affects bodily functions or behavior | Hormone
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Created by:
katydee
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