Life Science: Chapter 4: Genetics
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| The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called ___. | heredity
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| ___ ___ is the idea that offspring are a blend of genetic material from both parents. | Blending inheritance
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| Before the work of ___ ___ began the study of modern genetics, people believed that heredity worked by blended inheritance. | Gregor Mendel
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| Gregor Mendel was the first person to record evidence that traits of organisms are determined by factors passed from parents to ___. | offspring
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| ___ is the study of how traits of organisms are passed from parents to offspring. | Genetics
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| Mendel researched genetics by using ___ plants, which are easy to grow and reproducequickly. | pea
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| Mendel ___ fertilization in the pea plants he used in his experiments. | controlled
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| Mendel’s ___ methods were unique and helped him to see patterns of inheritance | experimental
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| Mendel used plants that were ___-___for the traits he studied. | true-breeding
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| He recorded the inheritance of traits for many ___ of pea plants. | generations
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| Mendel used a ___ approach to his research. He used many plants and recordedlarge amounts of numerical ___. | mathematical, data
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| Mendel concluded that two ___ control each inherited trait and that when organismsreproduce, each gamete contributes one factor for each trait. | factors
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| A genetic factor that blocks the expression of another genetic factor is a ___ factor. | dominant
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| A ___ factor is a genetic factor that is not expressed in the presence of a dominant factor | recessive
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| Mendel formed two important hypotheses that allowed him to predict how ___ areinherited. | traits
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| Because his hypotheses have not been proved untrue by any later research, they are now called Mendel’s ___ ___ ___. | laws of inheritance
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| The ___ ___ ___ states that the two factors for each trait separate from each other during meiosis when gametes are formed. | law of segregation
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| Mendel’s ___ ___ ___ ___ says that the factors for one trait separateindependently of how factors for other traits separate, and that the gametes have all possible combinations of traits. | law of independent assortment
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| Though scientists have discovered ___ and how cells reproduce since his time, Mendel’s laws remain true today. | DNA
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| A section of DNA that has information about a specific trait of an organism is called a ___. | gene
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| The information a particular gene contains about a trait can be ___ for differentstrands of DNA. | different
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| Every person has a ___ for eye color, but not every person has the same color eyes. | gene
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| Each form of a gene that carries different information is called an ___. Allele is the modern term for Mendel’s ___. | allele, factors
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| All observable traits of an organism make up the organism’s ___. An organism’sphenotype includes its color, its size, how its organs function, and much more. | phenotype
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| The combination of specific alleles that make up an organism is that organism’s ___. | genotype
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| The term ___ can refer to one gene, to a combination of genes that determines aparticular trait, or even to all the genes of an organism. | genotype
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| If a eukaryotic organism has two alleles of a gene that store the same information, itsgenotype is called ___. | homozygous
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| A eukaryotic organism has a ___ genotype if it has two alleles of a gene that store different information. | heterozygous
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| Mendel’s law of ___ can be explained using our current understanding of DNA andreproduction. | segregation
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| After meiosis I, each set of chromatids that makes up a replicated chromosome separatesinto different gametes during ___ ___. | meiosis II
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| In meiosis, each gamete receives only one ___. | allele
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| Mendel’s law of independent assortment can be explained by the movement of ___during meiosis. | chromosomes
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| In meiosis, each daughter cell receives one chromosome from each parent cell’s pair of___ chromosomes. | homologous
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| Each chromosome separates ___ from all the other chromosomes. | independently
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| When two homologous pairs of chromosomes recombine during reproduction, there arefour possible ___ combinations. | allele
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