CM Derm-1- skin function & structure
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| What are the functions of the skin | physical barrier
immunological barrier
UV protection
Insulation
temperature regulation
Sensation
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| How does the skin regulate temperature | through heat loss, evaporative and radiant heat loss
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| what are the 3 layers of skin | epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous fat
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| What is contained in the dermis | dermal nerves and vasculature
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| What are the cutaneous appendages | hair follicles, glands, blood vessels
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| Stratified squamous epithelium made of basal, spinous, granular, stratum corneum | epidermis
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| how often is the epidermis replaced | every 28days
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| where is the epidermis attached | attached to the dermis at the basement membrane zone
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| What two proteins do the cells of the epidermis contain | keratin and melanin
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| What 3 specialty cells are found at the basal layer | basal keratinocytes
melanocytes
merkel cells
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| columnar dividing cells that give rise to keratinocytes that move up through the layers of the skin to become corneocytes | basal keratinocytes
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| Cells that synthesize pigment for UV protection | melanocytes
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| Touch receptors in the basal layer | merkel cells
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| Layer above the basal layer has keratinocytes and langerhans cells | stratum spinosum
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| Cells held together by desmosomes that produce keratin | keratinocytes
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| cells in the stratum spinosum that have immune function as APC's | langerhans cells
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| Layer where keratinocytes become flat acquire more keratin and have granular cytoplasm | stratum granulosum
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| skin layer where the keratinocytes are now dead and are corneocytes is 15-25 layers palms and soles are 100 layers thick form impermeable membrane shed continually | stratum corneum
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| how many layers thick is stratum corneum at the soles and palms | 100
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| Also known as the dermal-epidermal junction glues the epidermis to dermis | basement membrane zone
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| layer of the skin that has blood vessels, nerves, skin appendages. Made of collagen and elstic fibers has histiocyets and mast cells | dermis
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| what are the contents of the dermis | connective tissue, nerves, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, meissner's corpuscles
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| What are the two sub-layers of the dermis | papillary layer and reticular layer
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| sublayer of the dermis that supplies nutrients to the epidermis, regulates temperature due to an extensive vascular system. has a thin arrangement of collagen fibers | papillary layer
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| thicker sublayer of the dermis that has thick collagen fibers arranged parallel to the skin surface. strengthens the skin and provides structure and elasticity. supports hair follicles, sweat glands and sebaceous glands | reticular layer
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| Three types of cutaneous nerves | free nerve endings
pacinian corpuscles
meissner's corpuscles
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| cutaneous nerve that senses pain, itch, temp, in the upper dermis | free nerve endings
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| cutaneous nerve that senses pressure, in the subcutaneous layer | pacinian corpuscle
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| cutaneous nerve that senses touch in the upper dermis | meissner's corpuscle
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| where are the cutaneous blood vessels found what is their function | subcutaneous layer and dermis provide nutrition and temperature regulation. Not found in epidermis
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| What is found in the subcutaneous tissue | hair follicles, sweat glands, adipose tissue
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| What are the skin appendages | eccrine sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, nails
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| gland that is located in the dermis open to skin surface and helps regulate body temperature via sweat mostly found on palms and soles and axillae | eccrine glands
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| True sweat glands that can produce up to two liters of sweat an hour. secrete mostly water | eccrine glands
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| dermal gland in axilla, around genitalia, areola, nipples, eyelids, external ears. open directly into hair follicle. secrete with stress and sexual excitement source of body odor function after puberty | apocrine sweat glands
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| What are the types of hair | terminal hair, lanugo hair, vellus hair
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| thick pigmented hair found on scalp, beard, axillary, pubic areas. androgenically regulated | terminal hair
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| fine hairs on the fetus | lanugo hair
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| short fine nonpigmented hairs on much of the adult body. independent of androgens | vellus hair
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| What is the hair growth cycle | anagen, catagen, telogen
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| what is anagen phase of hair growth | growth phase lasts 3 years 80-90% of scalp
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| what is catagen phase of hair growth | involutional phase 3 weeks 1-2% of scalp
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| what is telogen phase of hair growth | resting phase 3 months 10-20% of scalp once anagen begins again hair is shed
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| oil secreting gland attached to hair follicle small on trunk and extremities, large on breast face neck and upper chest absent on palms and soles | sebaceous glands
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| what are the functions of sebum | prevents drying, prevents evaporation, bacteriostatic
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| Hard, translucent dead keratin help in fine graspin and pinching protects the distal digits | nails
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| how fast do fingernails grow | .1 mm/day 6 months to replace
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| how fast do toenails grow | .05 mm/day 12 months to replace
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