Hematology
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| What %-age of the blood is plasma and what are it's components? | 55% of total blood volume. Consistes of water, proteins, nutrients, hormones, electrolytes
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| What %-age of blood is the buffy coat and what are it's components? | 1%. Consistes of WBC's and plts
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| What %age of the blood is RBC's? | ~45% of blood volume
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| What important O2 carrying molecule is contained within each RBC? | Hemoglobin
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| Role of RBC's | Transport O2 to peripheral tissues & organsCarry CO2 to lungs as a waste product to be exhaled
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| Hematopoiesis | formation fo blood cells (production of cells all cells)
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| Life span of RBC | 120 days
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| Life span of WBC | 6-8 hours
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| Life span of platelet | 7-10 days
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| Does production of cells increase, decrease, or stay the same during stress? | increase. Increased production to meet demand (altitude, illness, exercise, bleeding) Bone marrow ramps up production to keep up with destruction/loss
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| Erythropoiesis | production of RBCs
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| Requirements of erythropoiesis | rythropoietin stimulation of a healthy bone marrowAdequate supply of iron
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| Where is Erythropoietin produced? | Peritubular interstitial cells of the kidney
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| What triggers the production of Erythropoietin? | Low O2 delivery (hypoxia)
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| Name the cells in the BM that Erythropoietin acts on | E-progenitor, start the production of new RBCs
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| When does the kidney stop releasing Erythropoeitin | When it senses increased tissue oxygenation
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| How are old damaged RBCs removed from circulation? | 90% by macrophages in the liver and spleen, 10% by hemolysis in circulation; fragments engulfed by macrophages
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| What components of the RBC are used again? | Globin, heme, and iron
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| What signifies anemia? | Decrease in Hgb or Hct concentration
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| Normal Hbg in females? | >12.5g/dl
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| Normal Hgb in males | >13.5 g/dl
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| Functional classification of anemia | Production problem or destruction problem
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| How is distiction made between production vs destruction | Examining reticulocyte count
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| Normal %age of reticulocytes in circulation | 1-2%
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| Hypoproliferative anemia | production problem (90% of anemias)
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| In Hypoproliferative anemia will reticulocyte count be increase, decreased, or stay the same? Explain why | Reticulocyte count will be decrease (low). Bone marrow fails to respond to degree of anemia
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| What can attribute to a BM production problem | Marrow damage, Iron defeciency (need iron to make RBCs), Decreased stimulation (lack of Epo -inflammation, renal dz)
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| What change will you see in reticulocytes in hyperproliferative anemia? | increased retic count
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| What is hyperproliferative Anemia? | Failure of bone marrow to compensate for blood loss or destriuction with increased RBC production
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| Give some examples of condictions thatcause hyoerproliferative anemia | Acute blood loss, intravascular hemolysis, membrane abnomality, hemoglobinopathy, autoimmune defect
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| Name the 3 morphologic classifications of MCV | Microctic, normocytic, macrocytic
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| "TICS" for microcytic anemia | ThalassemiaIron def anemiaChronic InflammationSideroblastic
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| Thalassemia | Hereditary disorders which affect the production of globin chains (alpha or beta)
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