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Hematology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What %-age of the blood is plasma and what are it's components? | 55% of total blood volume. Consistes of water, proteins, nutrients, hormones, electrolytes |
| What %-age of blood is the buffy coat and what are it's components? | 1%. Consistes of WBC's and plts |
| What %age of the blood is RBC's? | ~45% of blood volume |
| What important O2 carrying molecule is contained within each RBC? | Hemoglobin |
| Role of RBC's | Transport O2 to peripheral tissues & organsCarry CO2 to lungs as a waste product to be exhaled |
| Hematopoiesis | formation fo blood cells (production of cells all cells) |
| Life span of RBC | 120 days |
| Life span of WBC | 6-8 hours |
| Life span of platelet | 7-10 days |
| Does production of cells increase, decrease, or stay the same during stress? | increase. Increased production to meet demand (altitude, illness, exercise, bleeding) Bone marrow ramps up production to keep up with destruction/loss |
| Erythropoiesis | production of RBCs |
| Requirements of erythropoiesis | rythropoietin stimulation of a healthy bone marrowAdequate supply of iron |
| Where is Erythropoietin produced? | Peritubular interstitial cells of the kidney |
| What triggers the production of Erythropoietin? | Low O2 delivery (hypoxia) |
| Name the cells in the BM that Erythropoietin acts on | E-progenitor, start the production of new RBCs |
| When does the kidney stop releasing Erythropoeitin | When it senses increased tissue oxygenation |
| How are old damaged RBCs removed from circulation? | 90% by macrophages in the liver and spleen, 10% by hemolysis in circulation; fragments engulfed by macrophages |
| What components of the RBC are used again? | Globin, heme, and iron |
| What signifies anemia? | Decrease in Hgb or Hct concentration |
| Normal Hbg in females? | >12.5g/dl |
| Normal Hgb in males | >13.5 g/dl |
| Functional classification of anemia | Production problem or destruction problem |
| How is distiction made between production vs destruction | Examining reticulocyte count |
| Normal %age of reticulocytes in circulation | 1-2% |
| Hypoproliferative anemia | production problem (90% of anemias) |
| In Hypoproliferative anemia will reticulocyte count be increase, decreased, or stay the same? Explain why | Reticulocyte count will be decrease (low). Bone marrow fails to respond to degree of anemia |
| What can attribute to a BM production problem | Marrow damage, Iron defeciency (need iron to make RBCs), Decreased stimulation (lack of Epo -inflammation, renal dz) |
| What change will you see in reticulocytes in hyperproliferative anemia? | increased retic count |
| What is hyperproliferative Anemia? | Failure of bone marrow to compensate for blood loss or destriuction with increased RBC production |
| Give some examples of condictions thatcause hyoerproliferative anemia | Acute blood loss, intravascular hemolysis, membrane abnomality, hemoglobinopathy, autoimmune defect |
| Name the 3 morphologic classifications of MCV | Microctic, normocytic, macrocytic |
| "TICS" for microcytic anemia | ThalassemiaIron def anemiaChronic InflammationSideroblastic |
| Thalassemia | Hereditary disorders which affect the production of globin chains (alpha or beta) |
Created by:
lrcrisp
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