Ch 5 & 6 Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| absorption | passage of material through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream
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| amino acids | building blocks of protein,produced when proteins are digested
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| amylase | enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch
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| anus | opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body
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| appendix | blind pouch hanging from secum. in the RLQ
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| bile | digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. it breaks ups large fat globules. it is composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and bile salts
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| bilirubin | pigment released by the liver in bile
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| bowel | intestine
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| canine tooth | pointed "dog tooth"-like, next to the incisors. Also called cuspids or eyeteeth
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| cecum | first part of the large intestine
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| colon | large intestine consisting of the cecum, the ascending transverse and decending segments of the colon; and rectum
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| common bile duct | carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. also called the choledochus
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| defecation | elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the rectum
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| deglutition | swallowing
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| dentin | major tissue composing teeth, covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root
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| digestion | breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms
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| duodenum | first part of the small intestine
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| elimination | act of removal of materials from the body
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| emulsification | physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat
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| enamel | hard, outermost layer of the tooth
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| enzyme | a chemical that speeds up reaction between substance. digestive enzymes break down complex foods to simpler substances. Enzymes are given name that end in -ase
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| esophagus | tube connecting the throat to the stomach
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| fatty acids | substance produced when fats are digested
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| feces | solid waste; stools
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| gallbladder | small sac under the liver; store bile
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| glucose | simple sugar
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| glycogen | starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen
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| hydrochloric acid | substance produced by the stomach;neccesary for the digestion of food
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| ileum | third part of the small intestine
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| incisor | one of four front teeth in the dental arch
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| insulin | hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. it transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulated glycogen formation by the liver
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| jejunum | second part of the small intestine
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| lipase | pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
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| liver | a large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen the liver secrets bile; stores sugar, iron and vitamins; produced blood protein; and destroys worn out red blood cells. the normal adult liver weighs about 2.5-3 lbs
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| lower esophageal sphincter | ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. also called cardiac sphincter
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| mastication | chewing
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| molar | sixth, seventh, eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch, premolar teeth are the fourth and fifth, before the molars
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| palate | roof of the mouth. the hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate and is support by the upper jaw bone (maxilla). The soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat
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| pancreas | organ under the stomach, produces insulin and enzymes
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| papillae | small elevations on the tongue
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| parotid gland | salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear
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| peristalsis | rhythmic contractions of the tubes of the GI tract and other tubular structures.
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| pharynx | throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose
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| portal vein | large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
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| protease | enzyme that digest protein
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| pulp | soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels
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| pyloric sphincter | ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum
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| pylorus | distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
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| rectum | last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus
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| rugae | ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
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| saliva | digestive juice produced by salivary glands
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| salivary glands | parotid sublingual and submandibular glands
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| sigmoid colon | 4th and last s shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties intot eh rectum
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| sphincter | circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
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| stomach | muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus the stomach parts are the fundus, body, and sntrum
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| triglycerides | large fat molecules composed of 3 parts fatty acids and one part glycerol
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| uvula | soft tissue hanging form the middle of the soft palate
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| villi | microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
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