D Bac Exam 2
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| Enterobacteriaceae | gram postive rods, non spore forming, grow on peptone media, grow on macconkey agar, usually faculatative anaerobes, ferment glucose with gas production, catalase +, oxidase -, reduce nitrate.
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| Friedlander's Bacillus ("brick red" sputum) | K. pneumoniae
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| endotoxin shock (symptoms) | fever, leucopenia, capilary hemorrhage, hypotension, circulatory collapse
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| limulus lysate assay | reagent prepared from the ameboctytes of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus). Tests for endotoxin shock
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| lipid A | toxic portion of lipopolysaccharide of gram negative cell wall that produces endotoxin
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| Flagellar antigen | H antigen
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| Capsular antigen | K antigen
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| Somatic antigen | O antigen
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| Ewig | developed the concept of tribes with Enterobacteriaceae
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| tribe I | Eschericheae
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| tribe II | Edwardsielleae
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| tribe III | Salmonelleae
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| tribe IV | Citrobactereae
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| tribe V | Klebsielleae
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| tribe VI | Proteeae
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| tribe VII | Yersinieae
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| Methyl Red Test | tests for mixed acid fermentation (red below pH 4.4 and yellow above pH 6.2)
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| Voges Proskauer Test | tests for butanediol fermentation
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| Embden-Meyerhof pathway | series of glycolytic cleavages that result in the production of pyruvic acid from glucose
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| ONPG-galactose test | tests for beta galactosidase and beta galactoside permease, (+ = yellow, - = colorless)
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| enzyme needed for fermentation of lactose | beta galactoside permease and beta galactosidase
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| Kligler Iron Agar (KIA) | contains lactose and glucose (10:1), ferrous sulfate, and phenol red
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| KIA: alkaline slant (red)/ alkaline butt(red) | no carbohydrate fermentation
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| KIA: alkaline slant (red)/ acid butt (yellow) | glucose fermented but lactose not (ex. Shigella)
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| KIA: alkaline slant (red)/ acid butt (black) | glucose fermented but lactose not, production of hydrogen sulfide (Salmonella, Citrobacter, and Proteus)
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| KIA: acid slant (yellow)/ acid butt (yellow) | glucose and lactose fermented (ex. E. coli, Klebsiella, and Enterobactor)
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| MacConkey Agar | differential media for selection and recovery of Enterobacteriaceae
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| MacConkey Agar: red colonies | strong lactose fermenters (ex. Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobactor)
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| MacConkey Agar: pink colonies | weak lactose fermenters (ex. Citrobactor, Providencia, Serratia, and Hafnia)
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| MacConkey Agar: colorless colonies | Non lactose fermenters (ex. Proteus, Edwardsiella, Salmonella, Shigella)
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| Eosin Methylene Blue Agar | differentiates between lactose and non lactose fermenters (similar to MacConkey Agar in the detection and differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae)
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| Eosin Methylene Blue Agar: green black colonies with metallic sheen | Strong lactose fermenters (E. coli)
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| Eosin Methylene Blue Agar: purple colonies | weak lactose fermenters
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| eosin methylene Blue Agar: purple to black colonies | sucrose fermenters and non lactose fermenters (ex. Yersinia enterocolitica)
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| Hektoen Agar | highly selective for recovery for Enterocacteriaceae (green media). Good for enhanced recovery of Salmonella and Shigella from material with heavy numbers of normal flora.
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| Hektoen Agar: bright orange, pink | rapid lactose fermenters (E. coli)
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| Hektoen Agar: blue green colonies with black centers | Salmonella
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| Hektoen Agar: more green colonies | Shigella
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| Xylose lysine deoxycholate agar | highly selective media for isolation of enterics, less inhibitory than HE agar (low conc. of bile salts), designed to detect shigellae in feces after enrichment in gram-negative broth.
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| Selenite Broth | used for recovery of Salmonella and Shigella from feces or sewage. maintain predominant E. coli in lag phase
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| ingredient in Selenite broth that inhibits E. coli | sodium selenite
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| indole | produced by the breakdown of trptophan, also produce is pyruvate and ammonia
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| tryptophanase | enzyme that breaksdown tryptophan
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| Kovac's reagent | p-dimethylaminobenxaldehyde, used in the detection of indole (red = +)
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| Citrate utiliatization | tests ability of strain to utilize citrate as a sole carbon and energy source
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| Citrate utilization: positive result | blue color
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| E. coli | indole +, methyl red +, VP -, Citrate -
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| Enterobacter aerogenes | indole -, methyl red -, VP +, citrate +
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