AP European Chapter 14 Vocabulary
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| Huguenots | French Calvinists
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| Edict of Nantes | 1598 - Granted the Huguenots liberty of conscience and worship.
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| John Huss | Bohemian religious reformer whose efforts to reform the church eventually fueled the Protestant Reformation
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| John Wycliffe | Forerunner to the Reformation. Created English Lollardy. Attacked the corruption of the clergy, and questioned the power of the pope
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| Martin Luther | 95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion
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| Simony | The selling of church offices
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| Usury | The practice of lending money for interest.
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| Nepotism | The practice of appointing family members to positions of favor. The practice was very common in the Catholic Church. Indulgences - Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money.
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| Excommunication | When a person is kicked out of the Catholic church
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| Consubstantiation | The bread and wine undergo a spiritual change
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| Johann Tetzel | Hired by Archbishop Albert to sell Indulgences. Infuriated Luther
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| Diet of Worms | Assembly of the estates of the empire, called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw.
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| Thomas Wolsey | Cardinal, highest ranking church official and lord chancellor. Dismissed by Henry VIII for not getting the pope to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
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| Act of Supremacy | Declared the king (Henry VIII) the supreme head of the Church of England in 1534
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| Pope Clement VII | (r. 1523 thru 34) Pope during the Sack of Rome. Also refused to recognized Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon, which led to the English Reformation.
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| Anglicanism | Upholding to the teachings of the Church of England as defined by Elizabeth I.
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| John Calvin | French humanist whose theological writings profoundly influenced religious thoughts of Europeans. Developed Calvinism at Geneva. Wrote Institutes of Christian Religion
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| Predestination | Calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's life.
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| The Institutes of Christian Religion | Written by John Calvin
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| Council of Trent | (1645 thru 63) Called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the Protestants. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend.
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| Thomas Cranmer | Prepared the First Book of Common Prayer
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| Ignatius Loyola | Founded the Society of Jesus, resisted the spread of Protestantism, wrote Spiritual Exercises
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| Jesuits | Members of the Society of Jesus, staunch Catholics. Led by Loyola
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| John Knox | Dominated the movement for reform in Scotland. Had been taught in Geneva by Calvin
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| Theocracy | A community in which the state is subordinate to the church
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| Ulrich Zwingli | (1484 thru 1531) Swiss reformer, influenced by Christian humanism. He looked to the state to supervise the church. Banned music and relics from services. Killed in a civil war.
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| Baroque | Style in art and architecture developed in Europe from about 1550 to 1700, emphasizing dramatic, curving forms, elaborate ornamentation, and overall balance of disparate parts. Associated with Catholicism.
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| Defenestration of Prague | (1618) The throwing of Catholic officials from a castle window in Bohemia. Started the Thirty Years' War
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| Peace of Westphalia | Treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War (1648) and readjusted the religious and political affairs of Europe
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| St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre | Mass slaying of Huguenots (Calvinists) in Paris, on Saint Bartholomew's Day, 1572. Organized by Catherine de Medici
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| War of the Three Henrys | (1585 thru 1589) French civil war because the Holy League vowed to bar Henri of Navarre from inheriting the French throne. Supported by the Holy League and Spain's Philip II, Henri of Guise battles Henri III of Valois and Henri of Navarre.
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| Catherine de Medici | Was the wife of Henry II (Valois). She acted as regent during the reign of her three weak and ineffective sons - Francis II (1559 thru 60) Charles IX (1560 thru 74) Henry III (1574 thru 89). Ordered the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
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