Sexual Reproduction
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Cell division G1 and G2 phase | this is when a cell doubles in organelles and cytoplasm...cell growth
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| S Phase | DNA replicaton occurs, cells entering ths phase have twice as much DNA than in the other phases
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| M phase | mitotic cell phase, the cell divides in two. Contains prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
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| Mitosis | this celluar division produces two diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical
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| Meiosis | produces daughter cells that contian half the genetic material
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| Diploid cells | contains two copies of every chromosome, forming a pair of homologous chromosomes
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| homologous chromosomes | contain genetic information from both parents
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| Mitosis: Prophase | First the nucleoli disappears and the chromatin condense. Then the nuclear envelope breaks down, lastlymitotic spindle is assembled
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| Mitosis: Metaphase | Sister chromatids align on metaphase plate
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| Mitosis: Anaphase | Chromosmoes separate into chromatids. Microtubules connect to chromatids (now chromosomes), shorten and pulls them to opposite polls. Lastly formation of cleave furrow.
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| Mitosis: Telophase | New nuclear envelope develops around each pole forming two nuclei. Cytokineis occurs
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| diploid | two copies of each chromosome = 46
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| Prophase I | Nucleolus disappears, chromatin condense into chromosomes, envelope starts to break down. Homologous chromosomes pair up forming tetrads, crossing over occurs.
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| Metaphase I | homologous pairs of chromosomes are spread across the metaplate
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| Anaphase I | Homologous chromosomes separate, and sister chromatids remain together
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| Telophase I | Cell divides into two cells. At this point the cells are considered to be haploid
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| Prophase II | Nuclear envelope disappears and the spindle developes
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| Metaphase II | Chromosomes allign on metaphase plate centromeres divid, leaving pairs of sister chromatids
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| Anaphase II | Sister chromatides pulled to opposite polls by spindle fibers
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| Telophase II | Nuclear membrane forms around eahc new cucleous. Four halpoid cells have been produced.
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| nondisjuncton | failure to separate during meosis
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