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advanced positioning midterm quiz 6

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Question
Answer
Angiography   the radiographic study of vascular structures after the introduction of contrast  
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Arteriography   radiologic examination of the arteries via contrast injection  
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Arterioslerotic   pathologic condition characteristic of thickening and hardening of arterial walls, leading to general loss of elasticity.  
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Arteriovenous malformation   abnormal anastomosis or communication between an artery and vein.  
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Guidewire   tightly wound metallic wire over which angiographic catheters are placed  
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Ischemic   indicative of local decrease in blood supply to myocardial tissue associated with temporary obstruction  
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Portal circulation   system of vessels carrying blood from organs of digestion to the liver  
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Venography   radiographic examination of veins via contrast injection  
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Stenosis   narrowing of a vessel  
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Occlusion   blockage of a vessel  
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Contrast media used for angiographic studies   opaque contrast containing organic iodine solutions  
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What is done for patients with predisposition to a severe reaction to contrast?   CO2 is used  
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What contrast is primarily used for MRI?   gadolinium  
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Explain the Seldinger method   both walls of the vessel are pierced, the needle is retracted, guidewire is inserted and traction is held while the needle is removed and replaced with the catheter.  
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What form of anesthesia is used for catheterization?   local  
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The entire program for cerebral angiography takes how long?   7-10 seconds  
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What is the injection rate for cerebral angiography?   5-9mL/sec for 1-2 sec  
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What is the most definitive procedure for visualizing the coronary anatomy?   coronary angiography?  
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Complications for cardiac cath:   vasovagal reaction, stroke, heart attack, death, bleeding at puncture site, nerve, vessel or tissue damage, allergic reaction.  
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Purpose for pulmonary arteriography   evaluation of pulmonary embolic disease  
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Vessels demonstrated during pulmonary arteriography include:   pulmonary arteries, R atrium, L ventricle, Thoracic aorta  
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Purpose for cerebral angiography   investigate intracranial vascular lesions (aneurism, AVM, tumor, atherosclerosis, stenosis)  
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Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty   therapeutic procedure used to dilate or reopen stenotic or occluded area of a vessel  
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Balloon angioplasty is used to:   dilate strictures in venous structures, ureters and GI tract.  
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Indications for cardiac cath   obstructive coronary artery disease, thrombus formation, coronary artery collateral flow, coronary anomalities, aneurisms, spasms, artery size.  
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Most common catheter introduction site for cardiac cath:   femoral artery  
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Secondary catheter introduction site for cardiac cath:   radial, brachial, axillary, jugular, subclavian  
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General indications for cardiac cath:   identify anatomic and physiologic conditions of the heart  
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