Reveiw of Biochemistry I part 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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Specific heat | A measure of the energy required to effext a temperature change per gram.
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Specific heat of water | 4.18 J/gC
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Heat of Vaporization | The energy required to effect a change of state from liquid to vapor.
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Heat of Vaporization of water | 2280 J/g or 41 kJ/mol
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Convection | A warm body surrounded by air warms the air around it. This air becomes less dense, and moves away, and cooler air moves in to repeat process.
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Conduction | A warm body close to a cold body, heat flows from hot to cold.
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Endothermic reaction | + delta H
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Exothermic reaction | - delta H
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Basic solution | pH greater than 7
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Acidic solution | pH less than 7
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pH | -log of hydrogen ion concentration
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Ion - Dipole | A purely ionic molecule interacts with other dipole molecules (i.e.: Na+ and water). The positive charge of the ion is attracted to the negative end of the dipole.
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Dipole - Dipole | An interaction between two polar molecules (i.e.: water and water) where the positive end of one dipole is attracted to the negative end of the other dipole.
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Hydrogen Bonding | An electrostatic attraction between molecules of H bound to an O, F, or N and another O, F, or N. Causes anomalous behavior of water! 15 – 20 kJ/mol
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Dipole - Induced Dipole (dispersion) | A polar molecule creates a dipole (charge separation) in an adjacent non-polar molecule. The strength increases as molar mass increases.
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Induced Dipole - Induced Dipole | Momentary attraction and repulsion between electrons and nuclei creates induced dipoles and leads to a net stabilization due to attractive forces.
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London Forces | A weak dispersion force due to the circulation of electrons between 2 non-polar covalent molecules.
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Amphipathic | Agents that have both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end.
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Micelles | Cluster of amphipathic agents, typically in a polar solvent
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Tyndall Effect | The effect of particles suspended in liquid, scattering light. Micelles do this.
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Mixed Micelle | The hydrophobic agent gets locked up in the hydrophilic portion of the micelle.
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What is the function of a mixed micelle? | Allows for the polar solvent to accommodate hydrophobic solutes.
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Electrolyte | A solute which, when dissolved in water produces a solution that conducts electricity.
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Strong electrolyte | Will completely dissociate in water
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Weak electrolyte | Doesn't completely dissociate in water.
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Non-electrolytes | Do not dissociate in water.
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Solubility | The amount of a substance dissolved in moles/L (Ksp). You must know the [products] at equilibrium.
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Buffer systems | A chemical system that is designed to resist changes in pH.
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Buffer Capacity | the amount of added acid or base that a buffer can control.
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Henderson-Hasselbach | ph =pKa + log[CB]/[Acid]
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What is an example of an intracellular buffer system? | Inorganic Phophate
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What is an example of an extracellular buffer system? | Sodium Bicarbonate
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When temperature increases, what happens to the solubility of a gas? | It Decreases.
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When pressure increases, what happens to the solubility of a gas? | It increases.
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Primary Alkali deficit | Deficiency of a proton acceptor (base). Results in acidosis.
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What is the respiratory compensation of primary alkali deficit? | Hyperventilation. Decreases pressure and restores pH.
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What is the renal compensation of primary alkali deficit? | Excretion of NH4+
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Primary Alkali Excess | Excess of a proton acceptor (base). Become alkalotic.
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What is the respiratory compensation for primary alkali excess? | Hypoventilation, increases pressure and restores pH.
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What is the renal compensation for primar alkali excess? | Excretion of HCO3-
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Primary Carbon Dioxide Excess | Excess of a proton donor (acid). Results in acidosis.
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Amino Acids | Contain a carboxylate group, an amine group and an R-grou
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How can amino acids be categorized based on their R-groups? | Hydrophobic, polar (charged or uncharged), aromatic.
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Zwitterion | A molecule with two charges but no net charge.
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Isoelectric Form | Occurs at the isoelectric pH, where zwitterions form. Can be used to isolate proteins.
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Know Respiration Diagrams, and protein structures are left out because I have them in Cell Bio Cards! | Good Luck!
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Created by:
eane220
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