OPT Fungal
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| candidiasis | most common oral infection caused by {Candida albicans}
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| 1. compromised immune system 2. altered oral microenvironment 3. virulent strain of C. albicans | candidiasis infection precipitated by:
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| pseudomembranous candidiasis (thrush) | most common form of candidiasis; white plaques like curdled milk can be rubbed off
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| erythematous pattern | presentation of erythematous plaques; includes acute atrophic candidiasis, median rhomboid glossitis and angular cheilitis
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| acute atrophic candidiasis | multiple red plaques after longterm antibiotic use
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| median rhomboid glossitis | single lesion on mid-dorsum of tongue with papillary atrophy
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| angular cheilitis | erythema, fissuring and scaling at corners of mouth
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| cheilocandidiasis | caused by chronic lip licking
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| chronic atrophic candidiasis | forms on denture-bearing areas due to constant wear; usually due to a dirty denture {denture stomatitis}
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| chronic hyperplastic candidiasis (candidal leukoplakia) | adherent white plaque that does not rub off; candida repopulates leukoplakia and increases epithelial dysplasia on biopsy
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| mucocutaneous candidiasis | more severe form of candidiasis from endocrine disturbances (APECED); increased risk of oral cancer
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| 1. nystatin 2. clotrimazole 3. ketoconazole | 3 treatments for candidiasis:
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| histoplasmosis | most common deep fungal infection caused by {Histoplasma capsulatum}, a dimorphic fungus
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| acute form of histoplasmosis | self-limiting in healthy people, flu-like symptoms for 2 weeks and hilar lymph node calcification
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| chronic form of histoplasmosis | in lungs of older patients and resembles TB
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| disseminated form of histoplasmosis | least common form in immunocompromised, extends from lungs into oral cavity
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| blastomycosis | self-limiting disease restricted to lungs caused by {Blastomyces dermatitides}
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| paracoccidioidomycosis | deep fungal infection caused by {Paracoccidioides brasiliensis} in South America
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| coccidioidomycosis | deep fungal infection caused by {Coccidioides immitis} in American Southwest
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| erythema multiforme | hypersensitivity reaction of a skin rash or nodules; combined with coccidioidomycosis is called 'valley fever'
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| chronic progressive pulmonary form | rare form of coccidioidomycosis; in immunocompromised patients and causes lesions on face
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| cryptococcosis | uncommon deep fungal infection caused by {Cryptococcus neoformans}; presents in AIDS patients
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| mucormycosis | caused by several harmless fungi in decaying organic material, especially in insulin-dependent diabetics
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| invasive fungal sinusitis | necrosis from fungal invasion of small vessels due to fungal affinity for iron; localized invasive infection of maxillary sinus
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| aspergillosis | opportunistic fungal disease caused by {Aspergillus flavus/fumigatus}, sometimes nosocomial
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| allergic fungal sinusitis | an allergy affecting the maxillary sinus in healthy patients
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| fungus ball/mycetoma/aspergilloma | non-invasive accumulation of aspergillus in maxillary sinus; called an {antrolith} if becomes calcified
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| disseminated aspergillosis | aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients; TB-like symptoms
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| toxoplasmosis | caused by protozoal organism {Toxoplasma gondii} from cats; detrimental for immunocompromised and developing fetus
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| congenital toxoplasmosis | organism crosses placental barrier and causes blindness, CNS and motor impairment in fetus
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| leishmaniasis | protozoa transmitted by the sandfly
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| cutaneous leishmaniasis | most common form 3-6 weeks after bite; forms crater-like lesions
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| mucocutaneous leishmaniasis | most destructive form of diffuse involvement; ulcers, nodules, and perforation of nasal septum
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| visceral (kala azar) | development of grayish skin, hepatosplenomegaly, fever and weight loss
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Created by:
aharnold
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