USCSOM: Biochemistry: L32 Regulation of Gene Expression
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| Describe lactose. | galactose linked Beta-1-4 glucose
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| What two ways does lactose enter E. coli? | lactose permease and hydrolytic enzyme that splits lactose into galactose and glucose
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| What does coordinate regulation mean? | The activity of both genes are coupled to each other
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| Explain catabolite repression in the lac E. coli pathway | activity of lactose enzyme is decreased when glucose is also added
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| What is the order of the polycistronic messenger for lactose metabolism in E. coli? | Promoter - lacZ - lacY
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| What does lacZ gene promote? | Beta-galactosidase
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| What does the lacY gene promote? | lactose permease
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| What is an operon? | a set of genes that are under control of a single operator
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| What happens when an inducer binds to a repressor? | repressor loses its affinity and opens up promotor for RNA polymerase
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| What is CRP/CAP? | cAMP regulator protein/ cAMP activator protein; binds upstream of promotor
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| What two things are necessary to get good expression of the lac operon? | inducer present; CRP bound
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| What increases CRP's affinity to bind to DNA? | cAMP
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| How to cAMP levels vary with respect to the growth rate in E. coli? | inverse
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| Catabolic pathways are controlled by induction or repression? | induction by substrate
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| Anabolic pathways are controlled by induction or repression? | repression by products
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| What happens to activity in the lac operon in AAs only? |
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| What happens to activity in the lac operon in AA plus lactose? |
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| What happens to activity in the lac operon in AA, plus lactose, plus glucose? |
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| What happens to activity in the lac operon when mutation inactivates the repressor? |
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| What happens to activity in the lac operon when mutation allows repressor to bind to DNA but lose affinity for allolactose? |
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| What happens to activity in the lac operon when mutation lies in the operator such that the repressor no longer binds to it? |
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| What happens to activity in the lac operon when mutation inactivates the CRP protein? |
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| What happens to activity in the lac operon when mutation interferes with synthesis of cAMP |
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