USCSOM: Biochemistry: L31 - Genetic Code
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| What is a codon? | A set of three nucleotides
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| How many different possible trinucleotides can be formed? | 64
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| Which way, wrt 3' and 5' ends, do codons read? | 5' to 3'
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| What is the second letter for all AAs with a charged side chain? | A
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| Which 2 letters are the most important in a codon? | ONLY first 2
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| Which AAs have the most codons? | Arg, Leu, Ser
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| Which AAs have single codons? | Trp and Met
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| Which codons are stop codons? | UGA, UAG, UAA
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| What is the initiator codon? | AUG
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| Codons with what letter will have a hydrophobic side chain? | U
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| What are anticodons? | the codon match on the tRNA during protein synthesis
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| What is the wobble hypothesis? | the first base of the anticodon does not follow stringent pairing with the last base of the codon
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| What is meant by 5'-UTR? | the 5'-untranslated region; usually 30 - 100 nucleotides in before the initiation of translation
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| What is meant by 3'-UTR? | 3'-untranslated region; the region downstream from the stop codon on the mRNA
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| What is the term reading frame? | the nucleotide sequence being translated
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| How many possible reading frames are there in a given region of DNA? | 6
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| What is ORF? | open reading frame; series of codons that lacks a stop codon
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| What is the frequency of having a stop codon in a random sequence of codons? | 1/20
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| What is a point mutation? What are the two kinds? | a single base pair change; transition A to G; transversion purine to pyrimidine
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| What is a silent mutation? | 3rd place change in a codon; typically has no effect on phenotype
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| Describe a Missense mutation | point mutation, changes the meaning of a codon word and thus changes a single AA
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| Describe a nonsense mutation | stop codon in a coding region; generally serious mutations
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| Insertion mutations | lead to frame shift mutations downstream; serious mutations
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