BCCOTA17 ch 8
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| What types of conditions are neuroleptics (antipsychotics) prescribed for? | Most often prescribed for patients with scizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Decrease pos. sx's. (delusions and hallucinations) Older versions of these drugs include, Haldol, Thorazine, Stellazine | EPS: (Involuntary movements of the face, trunk extremities), skin rash, photosensitivity, dry mouth, blurred vision.
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| Name newer 2nd generation antipsychotic drugs. (Atypical Neuroleptics) | Clozapine, Clozaril, Risperdal and Zyprexa. These drugs decrease neg. as well as pos. sx's. | Agranulocytosis, NMS, Elevation of liver enzymes and Tardive Dyskinesia. Lack of sexual interest, EPS, photo sensitivity, Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, hypotension, seizures and Lactation.
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| Name a third generation antipsychotic drug, what are the benefits? | Ariprazole. Decrease both pos. and neg. sx's, with little or no motor impairments. | Dry mouth blurred vision, dizziness, nausea, fatique and weakness.
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| What is Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) | An irreversible sub syndrome movement disorder related to long term (neuroleptics) phenothizine drug use. Characteristics of TD? | Characterized by Buccolingual movements: 'fly catching, tongue thrust or smacking, and chorethetoid movements: writhing, clawing.
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| What is Agranulocytosis | A rare but life threatening synrome can be caused by a number of durgs (antiepileptics, antibiotics, antipsychotics, mainly Clozapine. | The patient suddenly becomes unresponsive.(fever and sore throat, not in our notes)
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| What is a drug holiday? | Relief from all drugs in a supervised setting. |
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| What is EPS (Extra pyramidal Syndrome)? | Movement disorder caused by psychotropic meds. There are 4 features possible. | 1.) Akinesia; absence or decreased movements. 2.) Muscle rigidity 3.) Tremors 4.)Akithesia/dystonia, uncontrollable motor restlesness, or jerking uncoordinated movements
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| What are Antiparkinsonism Drugs used for? | They are used to treat EPS symptoms, caused by antipsychotic drugs, they include: (next Card) | Cogentin, Diphenhyramine (Benadryl) Artane, etc..(have own side affects, dry mouth, blurred vision dizzy, nausea)
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| What are antidepressant drugs used for? | Depression, suicide risk, and social isolation. | Patient often must be put on drug trials to get proper combination.
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| Antidepressant drugs: Nonselective Cyclic Agents? | Elavil, Mellaril, Tofanil. Do not begin to take effect for at least 7-10 days, reach full strength in 3 wks. | Arythmias, seizures, urinary retention, hypotension and constipation.
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| Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's) | Antidepressant: Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft, Celexa, Lexapro.. Fewer side Affects, positive effects may wear off in time. | Central Serotonin Syndrome(Css) can occur: confusion, agitation, shivering, fever, sweating..etc. Increased risk of suicide in child. and adoles. can occur.
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| Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (NDRI's) | Antidepressant: Wellbutrin | No side effects in notes?
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| Selective Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SSNRI's) | Antidepressant: Effexor, Cymbalta | No side effects in notes?
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| Serotonin 2 Antagonists/Reuptake Inhibitors (S2ARI's) | Antidepressant: Serzone, Desyrel | Desyrel can produce priapism, which can be dangerous to men! good for women (use your imagination!) lol
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| Noradrenergic/Specific Serotonergic Antidepressants(N/SSA's) | Remeron | No side effects in notes
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| Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors (MAOI's) | Antidepressants: Marplan, Nardil | Takes 3 weeks to work, given to pts. who don't respond to #1. Pts. must be on a strict diet to completely eliminate ingestion of the substance tyrosine (cheese, wine, coffee, etc) Could lead to CVA-death.
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| Anti-Manic Drugs treat? What examples? | Controls manic symptoms. Lithium carbonate type. | Can be toxic. Diarrhea nausea vomiting, confusion, slurred speech, Fine hand temor (diminishes), metalic taste, ataxia, jaundice.
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| Lithium blood serum levels, Acute? Long-term maintenance? | Acute: 0.9 to 1.4m Eq./L. Long term maint.: 0.6 to 1.2m Eq/L | Gross bilateral hand tremor, ataxia
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| Anticonvulsant types of Antimanic drugs? | Tegretol, Depakote, Lamictal | Tegretol: Can cause aplastic anemia. Depacote: caan cause liver toxicity, jaundice. lamictal: can cause severe, fatal skin rash
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| AntiAnxiety Drugs treat?What are some ex.? | Control anxitry in disorders that are not psychotic, therefore they are called the minor tranquilizers.Benzodiazepines (Valium, Xanax, Ativan) | Can be addicting
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| Psychostimulant Drugs treat?What are some ex.? | Calm and organize mental and physical activity in children,(ADD, ADHD) simulate and increase mental activity in Adults. Ritalin, Strattera | Has become controversial, due to overuse.
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| What is the role of OTA re: Psychotropic meds? | OTA cannot prescribe meds or reduce their undesirable side effects, but can help clients in other ways:(next card) | 1)Help clients adapt to side effects. 2.)Monitor compliance with pres. drugs 3.) Report use of not prescribed/undoc. drugs 4.)Encourage compliance with prescribed drugs. 5.) Educate pt. re: meds. .6) Aid Md. in proper med. dosage.
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| What is the role of OTA re: Psychotropic meds? (2.) | OTA cannot prescribe meds or reduce their undesirable side effects, but can help clients in other ways:(next card) | 7.)teach side affects coping stategies. 8.) Adapt Rx activites to compensate for side effects
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| What is Somatic Rx | Rx that acts on the body to produce an effect on the mind. They are: (next Card) | ECT, Psycho surgery and Herbal Treatments
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| ECT: Electro Convulsie Therapy | For use with severe depression-especially in elderly. Uses electric current applied to temples, after pt. is given muscle relaxant and breathing is managed. | Slight headache, confusion, short term mem. loss.
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| Psychosurgery? To Treat? | Surgery on brain used to relieve psych. symptoms, but rarely used now. Used in 40's-60s' (prefrontal lombotomy | Impaired judgement and lack of motivation
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| Herbal/Alternative Treatments? When used? | Various types of herbs, some have serious side affects. 2.) Acupuncture | Acupuncture: Effective for SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder)
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| What is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) | Condition caused by taking antipsychotics or neuroleptics. | Patient becomes rigid or unresponsive,(catonic) with cognitive changes.
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