Intro to Pharmacology for PTs
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| Knowlegde of your pt's meds can be used to? | identify current/past problems, determine if current tx is effective, determine if meds are contributing to problems addressed by a PT
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| The study of harmful effects of drugs is termed? | toxicology
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| The therepuetic effects of drugs is termed? | pharmaco-therapeutics
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| The bodies effects on a drug is called? | pharmacokinetics
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| The drugs effects on the body is called? | pharmacodynamics
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| When naming drugs the chemical name describes? | the molecular structure of the drug
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| This is a nonproprietary name, assigned by USAN council and approved by WHO | Generic name
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| This is a proprietary name, assigned by the manufacturer | Brand name
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| What is the generic name for Valium? | Diazepam
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| The FDA determines what 2 things during the development of the drug? | 1. whether the drug is effective for specific condition 2. safety of the drug
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| What are the 5 steps in the development of drugs? | preclinical testing, phase 1 trials, phase II trials, phase III trials and phase IV trials
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| This trial step involves testing with animals and completing the Investigational New Drug application | preclinical testing
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| This trial step is done with small number of participants often healthy | phase 1
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| This trial step is done with a small well-defined pt population with a specific problem | phase 2
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| This trial step is done with a large number of participant and the completion of a New Drug Application. | phase 3
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| This phase drug development is mostly postmarketing surveillance. | phase 4
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| A drug is defined as? | any chemical substance that affects living processes
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| Typically OTC drugs are used for ___ conditions that do not require _______. | minor conditions, medical supervision
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| True/False. OTC can cause serious side effects and can interact with rx drugs. | true
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| True/False. Vitamin supplements and herbal meds are considered drugs. | false, classified as food
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| Ergogenic aids are? | substances, food, chems or training methods that increase physical performance
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| These aids are used to increase mm mass and STR. | anabolic steroids
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| These aids are used by body builders to decrease fat and increase muscle | Human growth hormone
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| This chemical can increase mental allernes and decrease fatigue, cause irritability if overused, diarrhea, insomnia, anxiety | caffeine
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| Drug history questions to ask | what meds is pt taking, why is pt taking the med, is pt adherent to each rx
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| When drugs are prescribed excessively and unnecessary pts can recieve large numbers of drugs that are unnecessary or even harmful. This is called? | polypharmacy
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| Why is polypharmacy a problem with older adults? | older adults are 2-3 times more likely to experience adverse drug reactions as younger adults
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| Older adults account for approx ___ of the pop. yet consume over ___ of all drugs. | 12%, 25%
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| This dose is at which a response begins to occur? | threshold dose
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| This is at which no further increase in response occurs with increase doses. | Maximal effect (ceiling effect)
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| This describes the amount of drug that is needed to produce desired effect. | potency
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| The ____ ____ is a relationship between the median toxic dose and median effective dose. | The therapeutic index
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| ED 50 is what? | the median effective dose at which 50% of population responds
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| TD 50 is what? | median toxic dose at which 50% of pop. experiences adverse effect
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| TI= ? | TI = TD 50/ ED 50
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| What is a safe TI and a less safe TI of a drug. | higher the TI the safer, the lower the TI the less safe the drug
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| Bioavailability is what? | the % of a drug that reaches cirulation after the first pass effect
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| Enteral means the drug is absorbed through the what? | GI tract
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| Parenteral means the drug is absorbed how? | with a needle, syringe or IV infusion, can be intravenous, intramuscular, or intrathecal
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| What are four factors that effect drug distribution? | tiss permeability, blood flow, amnt of binding to plasma proteins, amnt binding to subcellular components
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| Volume of distribution (Vd)= | amount of drug administered divided by [DRUG plasma], compared to amount of water in body
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| Total body water is estimated as ___ liters. | 42
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| If Vd =42 then the drug is _____ distributed throughout the body. | uniformly
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| if Vd<42 then more drug is in the ____. | blood
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| if Vd>42 then more drug is in the ____. | tissues
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| What organ is primary organ for drug metabolism? | Liver
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| What is the major enzyme system that oxidizes at least 350 drugs? | P450 monooxygenase system
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| Enzyme induction means? | ability of body to metabolize drugs more rapidly, one explanation of drug tolerance
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| What is the major organ of exretion? | kidney
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| Why must we know the rate of elimination? | to determine the dose to be given
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| What is Half life? | time required for 50% of drug to be removed from body
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| What is a synergistic effect? | when two drugs produce a greater effect that expected effects of two drugs when given individually
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| What is one of the greatest factors affecting drug response and metabolism? | Age (oler, infants and children more sensitive to most drugs)
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| Affinity means? | degree of interaction between drug and receptor
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| Selectivity means? | ability of drug to interact with specific receptors on target tiss and not with other receptors
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| Agonist drugs do what? | drug that binds to receptor and initiates change in function of cell.
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| Antagonist drugs do what? | drug that binds to receptor but does not cause any change in function of cell, can be a blocker
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| Competitive antagonists do what? | compete with agonists for a receptor
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| NOncompetitive antagonists do what? | drug with high affinity for receptor and forms irreversible bond with receptor; agonist does not affect response
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| This is when there is a decrease in responsiveness, prob caused by chem change in receptors. | receptor desensitization
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| This is an increase in sensitivity, number of receptors, or both that occurs with decrease in stimulation. | Supersensitivity
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| This is decrease in number of available receptors as result of excessive stimulation. | down regulation
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| This is an increase in # of receptors as result of lack of stimulation or continuous exposure to antagonists | Up regulation
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Created by:
txst spr 2009
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