WGU IPC1 Music Section Vocabulary
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| Tone: | A sound that has a definite frequency or is dominated by one definite frequency.
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| Rhythm: | how music sounds are organized temporally or in time
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| Legato- | Italian word meant tied together, means note to be sung smoothly when transitioning from note to note.
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| Modulation- | the act of changing from one key to another.
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| Notation- | system of writing music thru use of symbols.
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| Staccato- | Italian word meaning detached, should be space between each note when sung, played. Notes are usually sung or played short and abrupt
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| Binary Form- | A way of structuring a piece of music in two related sections, both are usually repeated.
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| Ternary Form- | Way of structuring music in a three part structure usually noted A-B-A.
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| Rondo Form- | Baroque period form, means return of original theme "motif" usual baroque pattern ABACADA.
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| Art Music- | umbrella terms refers to musical traditions implying advanced structural and theatrical considerations and a written musical tradition.
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| Folk Music- | transmitted orally or taught through performance and learned by hearing. Folk music thought to be close to life activities such as rituals, child rearing, and work.
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| Popular Music- | accessible to the public and is circulated by mass media.
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| Aria- | An expressive melody usually performed by one singer.
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| Cantata- | Multi sectional vocals work, featuring solo, duet, choruses, accompanied by small chamber ensembles to large orchestra's. Product from the early Baroque period.
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| Concerto- | a musical piece meant for a combination of voices and instruments, now generally a solo instrumentalist with orchestral accompaniment.
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| Etude- | instrumental composition , considerably difficult, meant to perfect a certain skill.
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| Fantasia- | instrumental work meant to seem spontaneous improvised by the performer.
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| Fugue- | A polyphonic instrumental piece using the most rigorous of imitate techniques. Theme is stated in each part, and may be expanded and modified.
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| Intermezzo- | is a composition that fits between other musical or dramatic entities. Ex in between acts of a play.
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| Madrigal- | polyphonic vocal work usually written for four or five voices. Setting a pastoral poem to music, performed without instrumental accompaniment, and intended for secular uses.
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| Mass- | The sung portion of a Roman Catholic liturgy.
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| Motet- | polyphonic vocal work in sacred Latin text , intended for devotional use, no instrumental accompaniment.
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| Nocturne- | instrumental piece usually for the piano meant to evoke emotions associated with the night.
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| Opera- | a fully produced section for the theater who text is primarily sung, accompanies by instruments usually an orchestra.
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| Oratorio- | Large musical composition including and orchestra, choir and soloists.
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| Overture- | an orchestral work usually in 2-3 contrasting sections. Used as an intro to an opera or other dramatic pieces.
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| Rondo- | multi-sectional work whose theme occurs over and over in a piece.
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| Sonata- | multi-movement work either for one solo chordal instrument like a piano or for one or several solo melody instruments like the violin or cello.
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| Suite- | multi-movement instrumental work for one or any combinations of instruments, or orchestra where movements are derived from certain dance forms. In the Baroque Era.
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| Symphony- | musical composition usually for an orchestra, similar to the sonata.
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| Variations- | often called theme and variations, employs the techniques of a musical idea, may be modified or elaborated on.
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| Tone: | a sound with a definite frequency
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| Consonance- | any two tones played together will sound pleasant or consonant
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| Dissonance- | any two tones played together will sound unpleasant or dissonant
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| Rhythm- | how music sounds are organized temporally or in time.
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| Beat- | basic unit of rhythm,Measures or bars- groupings of 2-3 beats,Time measures= 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, 6/8, and 9/8 top number refers to the number of beats in each measure the lower number represents what kind of a note represents a single beat.
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| Tempo- | refers to rate at which a beat occurs types of traditional tempos
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| Presto - | quickly, hurriedly
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| Vivace - | lively, briskly
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| Allegro - | cheerful, frisky
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| Andante - | walking purposefully
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| Adagio - | slowly
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| Lento - | slowly, sedately
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| Largo - | broadly
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| Melody- | a succession of a pitch or tone ,has a "narrative" quality with a beginning a middle, climax, and an ending. In western art music melody is derived from
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| Diatonic scale- | refers to a portion of the chromatic scale known to most do ra mi fa sol la ti do
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| The first and last tones are in a special relation to each other, called an | octave -
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| This tone (do) is also called | the tonic.
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| The tonic, together with the fifth tone of the scale (sol), which is called the | dominant
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| Motif- | Perceivable recurring fragment or succession of notes that helps construct the melodies and themes.
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| Counterpoint- | simplest form of harmony featuring two melodic lines occurring simultaneously
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| Harmony- | is the composition and progression of chords. Harmony did not exist in the west till about the 9th century. Three tones sounded together make a chord.
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| Interval- | relationship of pitches between two notes.
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| Cadence- | progession to resting point that release tension.
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| Moving from one key to another in a single piece is called | modulation.
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| Dynamics- | loudness or softness of sound.
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| Piano - | soft
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| Forte - | loud, strong
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| Pianissimo - | very soft
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| Fortissimo - | very loud
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| Crescendo - | get gradually louder
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| Decrescendo- | get gradually softer
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| Contrast- | composers use contrasting timbres, tempos, rhythm to make the piece more interesting.
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| Timbre- | refers to the color or quality of musical sound produced.
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| Texture- | has two meanings- first, considered a component of orchestration-how many instruments are playing. In a compositional form it describes the number of musical pieces(voices).
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| Monophonic | refers to a piece with only one part
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| Several independent parts sounding at once are referred to as | polyphonic or contrapuntal.
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| A piece that moves from chord to chord, without undue elaboration, or with a simple melody, is said to be | homophonic or chordal in texture.
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