lower limb comp questions - knee to foot
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| Name the tarsal bones | medial, middle and lateral cuneiforms, cuboid, scaphoid (navicular), calcaneus (os calcis), talus (astralagus)
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| What are the alternate names for the cuneiform bones? | 1, 2, 3
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| What is the alternate name for the scaphoid tarsal? | navicular
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| What is the alternate name for the calcaneus tarsal? | os calcis
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| What is the alternate name for the talus tarsal? | astralagus
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| What joints make up the ankle mortise? | talofibular and tibiotalar
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| What joints make up the knee? | patellofemoral, femorotibial
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| What is the largest, strongest tarsal? | calcaneus
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| What makes up the ball of the foot? | the 5 metatarsal heads
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| What is the purpose of the longitudinal arch? | it acts as a shock absorber
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| What attaches to the calcaneal tuberosity? | calcaneal/Achilles tendon
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| What purpose does the transverse arch serve? | support
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| At what angles does the talar articular surface slope? | 33-40 degrees
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| Where does the ligamentum patellae attach? | tibial tuberosity
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| At what age does the patella form? | 3-5 years of age
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| How do the femoral condyles sit in relation to each other? | the medial condyle sits 5-7 degrees more inferior
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| What ligaments stabilize the knee joint? | posterior cruciate, anterior cruciate, tibial collateral, fibular collateral.
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| What are the attachment points for the posterior cruciate ligament? | medial condyle, posterior intercondylar area
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| What are the attachment points for the anterior cruciate ligament? | lateral condyle, anterior intercondylar area
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| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament
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| PCL | posterior cruciate ligament
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| What are the attachment points for the tibial collateral ligament? | medial femoral condyle, medial tibial condyle
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| What are the attachment points for the fibular collateral ligament? | lateral femoral condyle, lateral fibular head
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| How do the malleoli lie in relation to each other? | lateral malleolus lies 15-20 degrees more posterior
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| What angle do the tibial plateaus sit at? | they slope posteriorly 10-20 degrees
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| How is the femur normally situated in the body? | it slants medially 5-15 degrees
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| what enters and exits through the popliteal surface? | popliteal nerves and vessels
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| what type of bones are the tarsals? | short
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| what is the function of a short bone? | flexibility of motion
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| what is found in the medullary cavity of a long bone? | yellow bone marrow
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| where is red bone marrow found? | the ends of a long bone
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| what lines the inside of the long bone? | endosteum
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| what covers the outside of the bone? | periosteum
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| what is the primary function of a long bone? | support
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| what is found inside a short bone? | red marrow
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| what could be the function of a sesamoid bone? | alter the direction of muscle pull
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