Duke PA Nephrology Imaging
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| Abdominal Radiograph or aka __ | KUB
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| Abdominal Radiograph is used for __ | evaluat bowel obstruction, detect free intraperitoneal gas, follow up of chronic renal calculi
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| tomograph | focused, moving planar x-ray source
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| When do you do a retrograde pyelogram | when intravenous pyelograph fails
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| when do you used caution with radiographic imaging | in children and pregnant women
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| indications for renal ultrasound | urinary obstruction, follow-up renal transplant complications, image guided biopsy
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| indication for renal scintigrophy | evaluate renal function
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| indications for cystogram/voiding cystourethrogram | suspected vesicoureteral reflux, post surgery/post traumatic complications
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| the biggest benifit to cystoscopy | the urologist can visualize and intervene at the same time
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| with CT, if you are specifically looking for renal stones __ | don't use contrast
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| indications fro MRI | Renal mass characterization, Renal Transplants, Renal Artery Stenosis, Pediatrics, Pregnant women
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| Imaging modality of choice for initial assessment of renal masses, cysts | CT, US(cystic masses)
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| Imaging modality of choice for initial assessment of acute renal or ureteral calculi | CT
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| Imaging modality of choice for initial assessment of chronic renal or ureteral calculi | radiograph
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| Imaging modality of choice for initial assessment of renal trauma | CT
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| When is imaging appropriate in adults with urinary tract infection | Stones or obstruction suspected, Frequent or recurrent UTI, Diagnosis is in doubt or complication suspected
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| when is imaging appropriate in kids with UTI | Imaging probably worthwhile with first febrile UTI if: 1) Pt has questionable follow-up, 2) Does not respond promptly to tx (febrile > 72 h), 3) Persistently abnormal voiding pattern (dribbling),4) Abdominal mass
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| some calculi may not be visible on radiographs, but almost all are seen on | CT
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| 50% of __ are found incidentally on imaging for other reasons | renal cell carcinoma
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| classical appearance of renal cell carcinoma | Hypervascular renal cortical mass; heterogeneous, enhancing, multilobular; hemorrhage and necrosis; coarse Ca2+ Mets to lungs, mediastinum, liver, and bone (lytic)
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| pediatric vesicoureteral reflux | Retrograde flow of urine from bladderPredisposes to recurrent infection or renal scarringSome outgrow; others require surgery
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| indications for iodine-based contrast | Opacify blood vessels, organs, GU tract for radiation-based modalities (CT, IVP)
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| risks of iodine-based contrast | allergy, nephrotoxicity
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| gadolinium-based contrast is used for | MRI
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| indication for gadolinium-based contrast | opacify blood vessels and organs for MRI
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| Risks for gadolinium-based contrast | nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, unkown effects on fetus, allergies are extraordinarily rare
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| spiral CT without contrast is the same thing as | stone protocol CT
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| something that has high attenuation shows up __ on CT | white
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| stones and bones have high __ | attenuation
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