WGU-Purpose of Art & Art History
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| Aesthetics | Philosophy of art; study of creative process, work of art, aesthetic experience, principles of criticism, & role of art in society
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| Artistic Form | Organization of a medium that clarifies or reveals a subject matter
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| Content | Subject matter detached by means of artistic form from accidental or insignificant aspects
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| Perception | Awareness of something stimulating our sense organs
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| Propaganda | Political persuasion
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| Style | Identifying features (characteristics of form)
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| Paleolithic | (Old Stone Age) Decorated objects, Venus figurines,& cave paintings focused on hunting & fertility
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| Mesolithic | (Middle Stone Age) Rock & cave paintings of human figures, creation of stone microliths, & pottery
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| Neolithic | (Late Stone Age) Weaving, architecture, megaliths, temple buildings, tombs, & pictographs
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| Babylonian Art | Artwork from civilizations found between Tigris & Euphrates rivers. Architecture found in Mesopotamia
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| Egyptian Art | Art with religious focus, depictions of gods & goddesses, & afterlife, sculptures, tombs, monuments/pyramids, & paintings
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| Persian Art | Architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, works of stone & metal
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| Ancient Greece | Art best known for elevation of human: ceramics, architecture, sculpture, coin design, & pottery
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| Rome | Architecture, development of concrete as construction material, introduction of landscape to painting
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| Romanesque Art | Architecture, sculpture, fresco painting, metalwork, & manuscript illumination (performed by monks)
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| Gothic Art | Dominated by christian religious themes. Architecture: pointed arches, ribbed vaults, & flying buttresses
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| Renaissance Art | Innovations: Oil painting, linear perspective in painting & sculpture, aerial perspective in landscapes, Mannerism
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| Renaissance Artists | Leonardo da Vinci, Michaelangelo, Raphael Sanzo, Sandro Boticelli, Albrecht Durer, Pieter Bruegel
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| Baroque | Emphasis on harmony & unity complemented by a religious fervor, often drawing on biblical stories & themes, Rococo
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| Baroque Artists | Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi), Rembrandt van Rijn, Diego Velazquez
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| Neoclassicism | Idealized realism, & reason, drew on enlightenment thinking. Painters used sharp colors & chiaroscuro
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| Neoclassicism Artist | Jacques Louis David
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| Romanticism | Romantic artists stressing passion, emotion, & exotic settings with dramatic action
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| Romanticism Artist | Eugene Delacroix
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| Realism | Accurate & objective portrayals of the ordinary, observable world
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| Realism Artists | Gustave Courbet, Jean-Francois Millet
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| Impressionism | Initial, fleeting reaction to what is observed at the moment. Painted subjects & landscapes; used light, color, & simplified compositions
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| Impressionism Artists | Claude Monet, Edouard Manet, Camille Pissaro, Edgar Degas, & Pierre Auguste Renoir
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| Post-Impressionism | Greater concern for expression, structure, & form; also emphasized emotions & personal responses
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| Post-Impressionism Artists | Paul Cezanne, Vincent van Gogh, Georges Seurat, Henri Matisse, & Paul Gauguin
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| Art Nouveau | International style of art & architecture favored sinuous lines, curves, & organic motifs (plants & flowers)
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| Fauvism | Spontaneous, bold reactions to nature, employed vibrant colors directly from the tube
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| Fauvism Artists | Henri Matisse & Andre Derain
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| Cubism | Subject represented from multiple angles using simplified geometric forms
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| Cubism Artist | Pablo Picasso
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| Geometric Abstraction | Observed subjects converted into geometric shapes, stressing the two-dimenionality of painting
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| Geometric Abstraction Artists | Wassily Kandinsky, Piet Mondrian, & Kasimir Malevich
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| Surrealism | Influenced by Freud's focus on dreams. Used images from dreams & subconscious to transform ordinary subjects by placing them in distorted or fresh contexts
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| Surrealism Artists | Andre Breton, Salvador Dali, Joan Miro, & Rene Magritte
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| Bauhaus | "House of Art/Architecture" known for its simplicity functionalism & craftsmanship
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| Abstract Expressionism | Spontaneous personal expression in large abstract paintings
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| Abstract Expressionism Artists | Mark Rothko, Jackson Pollock, & Robert Motherwell
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| Minimalism | Nonrepresentational style of sculpture & painting stripped down to its simplest visual elements (geometric shapes)
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| Minimalism Artists | Frank Stella & Donald Judd
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| Pop Art | Drew from popular mass culture
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| Pop Art Artists | Jasper Johns, Andy Warhol, & Claes Oldenburg
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| Objective | Assumed to be free from personal considerations, emotional perspectives, etc.
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| Subjective | Assumed to be heavily, if not entirely, influenced by such personal considerations
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| Art Therapy | Acts as healing agent for society's general illnesses
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| Expressionism | School of art in which the work emphasizes the artist's feelings or state of mind
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| The Reformation | Abrupt end to relative unity of Western Christendom under the Roman Catholic Church because the growing sense of corruption and administrative abuse; images became effective tools for disseminating negative portrayals of the church
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| Dadaism | Art objects in unconventional forms produced by unconventional methods; reflected a cynical attitude toward social values, irrational, absurd, playful, emotive, intuitive, and often cryptic
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| Dadaism Artists | Francis Picabia, Jean Arp, Raoul Hausmann, Marcel Duchamp, Kurt Schwitters, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Man Ray
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