USCSOM: Special products of Amino Acid Metabolism
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| What are the special products of AA metabolism? | creatine, glycine conjugates, neurotransmitters, NO, purines, Heme
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| Where does creatine synthesis begin? | kidney
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| Where does creatine synthesis end? | liver
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| What are the first two reactants in creatine synthesis? | Gly Arg
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| Gly and Arg combine to form what two products in creatine synthesis? | Orn and guanidinoacetate
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| What two immediate reactants form creatine? | guanidinoacetate and SAM
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| Creatine is phosphorylated to form creating phosphate via what enzyme? | creatine phosphokinase
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| What is measured to determine muscle and brain cell damage? | serum creatine phosphokinase levels (CK)
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| What kind of CK is found in the brain mostly? | CK1, BB
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| What kind of CK is found primarily in the heart? | CK2, MB
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| What kind of CK is found primarily in the skeletal muscle? | CK3, MM
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| Many AAs are decarboxylated by reactions that require what enzyme? | pyridoxal phosphate
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| Glutamate is decarboxylate to form what inhibitory neurotransmitter? | GABA
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| Histidine is decarboxylated by PLP to form what? | histamine
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| What is the physiological effect of histamine? | vaso-dilation, broncho-constriction
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| The decarboxylation of ornathine produces what polyamine precrusor? | putrescine
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| Putresence is a precursor to what two polyamines? | spermine and spermidine
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| What is formed from the decarboxylation of Ser with Palmitoyl CoA? | Sphingosine
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| What is formed from the decarboxylation of tryptophan? | serotonin, melatonin, nicotinamide
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| What hormones are produced from the decarboxylation of Tyr? | catecholamines
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| What is seratonins physiological function? | vasoconstrictor and smooth mm contraction
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| What is the course from Trp to melatonin? | Trp, 5-OH-Trp, Serotonin, N-Acetylserotonin, melatonin
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| What AA is the precursor for L-DOPA? | Tyrosine
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| Tyrosine can be synthesized by what AA? | phenylalanine
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| What is required to form Dopa from Tyr? | tyr hydroxylase, BH4
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| What is required to form NorEpi from Dopamine? | dopamine hydroxylase, copper, vitC
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| What is required to form Epi from NorEpi? | SAM
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| What AA are directly neurotransmitters? | Glu, Gly
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| What AA forms GABA? | Glu
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| What AA forms catecholamines? | Tyr
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| What AA forms serotonin? | Trp
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| Catecholamines are deactivated by what three steps of degredation? | oxidative deamination, oxidation, O-methylation
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| Oxidative deamination is catalyzed by what enzyme in the break down of catecholamines? | monoamine oxidase (MAO)
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| What is COMT? | chatecholamine O-methyl transferase
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| What AA precursor is involved in the synthesis of nitric oxide? | Arg
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| NO synthase produces what two products from Arg? | NO and Citrulline
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| NO synthase exists in what two tissue-specific forms? | 1 - overproduction of NO in macrophages; 2 - vascular endothelium vasodilation
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| What are the cascade of effects from NO in smooth muscles cells? | NO stimulates guanylate cyclase, produces cGMP, stimulates relaxation
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| What drug is frequently used by patients with angina pectoris? | nitroglycerin
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