Animal Science
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| Hunter-gatherers | first domesticated animals
and used the meat, bones, and skins just as
they had done before domestication; other uses
(milk, clothing, power, war, sport, and prestige)
came later.
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| Animal science is | simply the collective study of
domestic animals.
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| Animal science is divided into specific disciplines, or specialties as follows: (8 of Them) | – Animal Genetics
– Animal Nutrition
– Animal Physiology
– Animal health
– Ethology
– Meat science
– Dairy product science
– Biotechnology
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| approximately___billion large farm animals and ___billion poultry throughout the world. | 4.5 and 19.8
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| Poultry numbers have increased more rapidly at an average rate of over__annually. | 5%
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| • meat supplies approximately____ • milk provides approximately____, • fish supplies approximately____, • and eggs supply___. | 49.5%,
25.8%,
16%
8.7%
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| Meat, eggs, and dairy products are important food sources because they are | Nutrient Dense
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| Annual per capita meat supply ranges from over____. in affluent countries to very little in poor countries. | 300 lbs
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| The___is the most important meat source, producing__of the world’s meat | pig
38%
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| World meat production has increased steadily for many years at an average rate of___per year | 2%
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| Cattle supply___of the world’s milk supply. – Buffalos supply ___of world’s milk. | 83%
13%
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| In addition to meat, poultry species produce a_____high quality product—____. | Second
Eggs
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| sheep (____and Persian lambskins), • goats (_____and mohair), | wool
Cashmere
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| xenotransplantation (what happens to a pig liver and human liver) | the replacing of human organs with those from animals, is an active and promising area of research
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| • The stresses of the natural and/or artificial environment that affect animals may be classified as: (5 of them) | -climatic stresses,
– nutritional stresses,
– internal stresses,
– geographical stresses,
– and social stresse
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| _______or______changes are changes in form and structure. | Morphological
Anatomical
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| Two terms,__________and________, refer to a country’s level of economic development | Developed Countries
Developing Countries
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| ___________are usually small, labor-intensive farm units. __________are usually large range units. | Intensive Systems
Extensive Systems
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| ________is the study of how the body uses the nutrients in feed to sustain life and for productive purposes. | Nutrition
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| ________are substances required for life processes, reproduction, growth and lactation | Nutrients
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| The nutrient classifications are: . | – water,
– carbohydrates,
– vitamins,
– minerals,
– proteins, – and fats (lipids)
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| The amount of nutrients depends on: | – type of species, its digestive tract, and any peculiarities of its metabolism; –
and the level of production and the product(s) being produced (work, fetus, growth, milk, eggs, and fiber).
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| Monogastrics, or nonruminants | are one stomached, or simple-stomach animals.
Include chicken, turkey, swine and horse
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| ruminants | —cattle, sheep, goats have four
compartment stomach. Pseudoruminants
(llamas) have three
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| Prehension, | the means an animal uses to
bring food into its mouth, is the first step of
digestion.
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| • Mastication • | , or chewing, involves the action
of the jaw and teeth to crush the food.
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| Salivation | includes secretion and mixing of
saliva with food
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| The small intestine is divided into three portions: | duodenum
jejunum
ileum
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| The large intestine has three parts: (CCR) | the cecum,
the colon, and the rectum.
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| Defecation | is the discharge of excrement from
the body via the rectum or cloaca.
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| Micturition | is urination
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| The complex stomach is comprised of four compartments: | – rumen,
– reticulum,
– omasum,
– and the abomasum.
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| genotype, | sets
the stage for traits such coat type, coat color,
speed, body composition, growth, reproduction,
milk production, disease resistance, and other
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| Chromosome Number of Different Species Buffalo__ • Cat__ • Cattle__ • Dog__ • Donkey__ • Goat__ • Horse__ • Pig__ • Sheep__ | 60
38
60
78
62
60
64
38
54
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| • The segment of the deoxyribose, phosphate, and one of the bases is called a______. | nucleotide
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| The entire genetic material of an animal is termed its_____. | genome
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| Each parent produces reproductive cells called _____. | gametes
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| Another feature of the chromosome is the ______, which can be located anywhere along the chromosome. | centromere
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| _______is the process of somatic cell division | Mitosis
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| The cell division that occurs in gametogenesis is called_____. | meiosis
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| Renewable | You don't kill the animals you cut the hair/ take the fat etc. and it will grow back
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| China | produces the most pork in the world
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| Fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) | Not washed through urine
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| Water Soluble Vitamins ( B and C) | Washed out through urine
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| Cellulose | major carbohydrate found in forages such as fresh pastures, silage, and hay
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| Sheeps | 8000 bc
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| Goats Cattles Pigs | 6500 bc
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| Chicken | 6000 bc
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| llama | 5500 bc
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| donkeys | 4000 bc
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| horses | 3500 bc
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| reindeer | 3000 bc
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| The most important us for animals for humans is food. Name the 5 other uses. | 1. Religion
2. Companionship
3. Sports
4. Recreation
5. Manufacturing
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| DNA sequencing suggest that the dog may have been domesticated 135,000 years ago, but archeological evidence suggest that the dog was domesticated ____________ years ago. | 14,000 years ago (12,000) BC
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| How much of the worlds meat, milk, and wool come from large farm animals is developing countries? What are some reasons? | 1/3
Lack of technology, different objectives of production, disease challenges, and environmental stresses.
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| List 6 food contributions of animals to humans | 1. Meat
2. Blood
3. Fat
4. Edible slaughter by-products
5. Milk
6. Eggs
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| List 7 body covering contributions of animals to humans | 1. Pelts
2. Feathers
3. Fur
4. Hair
5. Hides
6. Leather
7. Wool
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| List 2 work contributions of animals to humans | 1. Draft and other labor
2. Transportation
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| List 4 body waste contributions of animals to humans | 1. Fuel
2. Fertilizers
3. Construction material
4. Animal feed
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| List 6 other uses for animals | 1. Income
2. Recreation
3. Storage of capital
4. Prestige
5. Religion/ cultural needs
6. Companionship
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| Plants supply ___% of the total food energy consumed by the world. | 82.8%
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| Animal product supply __% of the total food energy consumed by the world. | 17.2%
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| Animals supply __% of the world's protein. | 38.5%
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| __% of the calories in the average diet in North America is from animal products compared to __% for the average African? | 27%
7.4%
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| Draft animals are important in what three countries? | Asian, African, and Latin American
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| What amount of feed in the U.S is inedible for humans? | 2/3
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| List 6 feeds in U.S. livestock that is not suitable for human consumption. | 1. Hay
2. Coarse forages
3. Damaged foods
4. By products
5. Garbage
6. Pasture
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| The world's population is expected to reach 9 billion by what year? | 2050
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