Chapter 2: population: Mrs. Dyer, Northgate high

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a measurement of the number of people per given unit of land

population density

the population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. the figure is derived by dividing the population of the areal unit by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit.

arithmetic population density

the number of people per unit area of arable land

physiological population density

descriptions of locations on the earth's surface where populations live

population distribution

maps where one dot represents a certain number of a phenomenon, such as population

dot map

term used to designate large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world.

megalopolis

a periodic and official count of a country's population

census

the time required for a population to double in time

doubling time

the rapid growth of the worlds human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase

population explosion

population growth measured as the excess of live births and deaths.

natural increase

the number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population

crude birth rate

the number of deaths yearly per thousand people in a population

crude death rate

multistage model, based on western europe's experience, of changes in population growth exhibited by countries undergoing industrialization. high birth rates are folowed by pluging death rates, producing a huge net population gain, followed by decrease

demographic transition

the level at which a national population ceases to grow

stationary population level

structure of a population in terms of age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education

population composition

visual representations of the age and sex composition of a poulation whereby the percentage of each age group (generally five-year increments) is represented by a horizontal bar the length of which represents its relationships to the total population.

population pyramids

a figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population

infant mortality rate

a figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population

child mortality rate

a figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live. mormally expressed in the context of a particular state

life expectancy

Immune sysem disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus which over a period of years weakens the capacity of the immune system to fight off infection so that weight loss and weakness set in and other afflictions may hasten an infected persons deah

AIDS

generally long lasting afflictions now more common because of higher life expectancies

chronic diseases

government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth

expansive population policies

government policies designed to favor one racial sector over others

eugenic population policies

governmental policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase

restrictive population policies