2015 Chapter 1 - A Beka Book
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Science | the study of the matter and movement of God's physical creation
🗑
|
||||
| Matter | the substance of the physical world; anything that occupies space or has substance is matter
🗑
|
||||
| Pedology | the study of soil
🗑
|
||||
| Scientific method | an organized way for scientist to gather and pursue scientific knowledge
🗑
|
||||
| The three main components of the scientific method are ___, ___, and ___. | hypothesizing, observing, experimenting
🗑
|
||||
| Hypothesis | a simple explanation to a problem
🗑
|
||||
| Hypothesizing | to speculate, or think seriously, about the objects and events of nature and then formulating a hypothesis
🗑
|
||||
| Observation | involves gathering data (facts) about nature
🗑
|
||||
| Experimentation | to methodically test a hypotheses
🗑
|
||||
| You must test your experiment ___ ___ ___. | more than once
🗑
|
||||
| What are the six steps of the scientific method? | 1. State the problem
2. Gather information
3. Formulate a hypothesis
4. Test the hypothesis
5. Record and analyze
6. State the conclusions
🗑
|
||||
| Scientific law | this is formed when a scientific theory has never been proven false
🗑
|
||||
| Experimental groups | the groups on which a test is performed
🗑
|
||||
| Control group | The group used as a standard for comparison
🗑
|
||||
| By comparing the results of the ___ and ___ ___, you gain support for weather or not your hypothesis is accurate. | experimental, control group
🗑
|
||||
| Constants | conditions that stay the same in both the control group and the experimental group
🗑
|
||||
| Variables | conditions present only in an experimental group
🗑
|
||||
| When testing a hypothesis, use ___ variable for each experiment. | one
🗑
|
||||
| Atoms | the most basic units of matter
🗑
|
||||
| Atoms linked together in groups are called ___. | molecules
🗑
|
||||
| Mass | measures the amount of matter in an object
🗑
|
||||
| Weight | measures the pull of gravity on an object
🗑
|
||||
| Volume | the amount of space that matter takes up
🗑
|
||||
| Density | measures how tightly packed matter is
🗑
|
||||
| Soil is composed of ___ and ____ materials. | organic, mineral
🗑
|
||||
| Organic material | primarily derived from living organisms
🗑
|
||||
| Mineral materials | primarily derived from nonliving matter, such as minerals and rocks
🗑
|
||||
| Decompose | break down
🗑
|
||||
| Humus | a substance composed of decayed organisms' particles
🗑
|
||||
| Humus is important for what? | enriching the soil with nutrients; it also stores large amounts of water as a sponge would
🗑
|
||||
| Recycling | reusing old materials
🗑
|
||||
| Topsoil | the top two to six inches of soil; easily eroded by rain and is quickly depleted of nutrients by plants
🗑
|
||||
| Weathering | the processes that break rocks down into soil
🗑
|
||||
| Subsoil | lighter colored than topsoil because it contains less organic material
🗑
|
||||
| Bedrock | the layer of rocks under the subsoil
🗑
|
||||
| The combination of ___ ____ of mineral particles determines the texture of the soil. | different sizes
🗑
|
||||
| Sand | course and gritty with large, easily seen particles; allows air in the soil
🗑
|
||||
| Silt | has particles smaller that sands'
🗑
|
||||
| Clay | has the smallest particles
🗑
|
||||
| Silty soil | contains a high weight percentage of silt
🗑
|
||||
| Clayey soil | has a high weight percentage of clay, therefore this soil is the most difficult for water and air to move through, but it does easily allow water and nutrients to be absorbed
🗑
|
||||
| Loam | contains a range of sand, silt, clay, and humus mixtures
🗑
|
||||
| The color of soil depends on what? | the amount of organic matter and types of minerals present
🗑
|
||||
| Munsell charts | provide standard names and descriptions of colors
🗑
|
||||
| What are the three different ways scientist use to define soil? | acidic, neutral, and basic
🗑
|
||||
| pH scale | scientists use this to express the degree of acidity or basicity
🗑
|
||||
| Most plants grow best in soil that is what? | neutral or slightly acidic
🗑
|
||||
| Nutrients | nourishing substances
🗑
|
||||
| The three most important mineral nutrients for plants are ___, ___, and ___. | nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
🗑
|
||||
| Elements | substances composed of only one type of atom
🗑
|
||||
| Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are called what? | the primary plant food elements
🗑
|
||||
| Phosphates | phosphorus is generally in the form of this in fertilizers
🗑
|
||||
| Potash | the form potassium is usually in in fertilizers
🗑
|
||||
| Nitrogen | affects the growth of plants; stimulates rapid growth of leaves
🗑
|
||||
| Nitrogen cycle | when nitrogen is moved from the air to the soil to be used by plants and then back to the air
🗑
|
||||
| Compounds | substances containing two or more elements bonded together
🗑
|
||||
| Nitrates | carried to the soil by rain
🗑
|
||||
| Ammonia | a basic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen
🗑
|
||||
| Nitrogen-fixing bacteria | converts elemental nitrogen into nitrogen compounds
🗑
|
||||
| Nodules | bumps on roots
🗑
|
||||
| Nitrifying bacteria | converts ammonia to nitrates
🗑
|
||||
| Denitrifying bacteria | returns nitrogen to the atmosphere by converting nitrogen from nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen
🗑
|
||||
| Pedologist | scientists who study soil
🗑
|
||||
| Anaerobic | to thrive without oxygen
🗑
|
||||
| Phosphorus | essential for cell division and growth and promotes plant maturation
🗑
|
||||
| Potassium | primary function is to contribute to the general health of the plant and improve disease resistance; it encourages root growth and fruit formation
🗑
|
||||
| If no ___ is available to the roots, the plant will suffocate. | air
🗑
|
||||
| Pore spaces | hold oxygen from the air in the soil
🗑
|
||||
| Impermeable | nonporous
🗑
|
||||
| Saturated | when the pore spaces are completely filled with water
🗑
|
||||
| Ground water | any collected water below the soil's surface
🗑
|
||||
| Water table | the upper surface of ground water
🗑
|
||||
| The depth of the water table depends on what two factors? | the size and number of pores in the rocks and soil, and the amount of recent rainfall
🗑
|
||||
| Aquifer | porous rock or a gravel-soil mixture that can hold water
🗑
|
||||
| Artesian well | a "self pumping" well
🗑
|
||||
| The ___ a straw is, the higher the level of water inside of it will be. | thinner
🗑
|
||||
| Capillarity (or capillarity action) | the upward movement of water through a tiny space in response to surface tension
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
nelsonclan
Popular Science sets