Ch. 7 Anatomy and Physiology
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| abductor muscles | muscles that separate the fingers
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| adductor muscles | muscles at the base of each finger that draw the fingers together
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| anabolism | constructive metabolism; the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones
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| anatomy | the science of the structure of organisms and of their parts
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| angular artery | artery that supplies blood to the sides of the nose
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| anterior auricular artery | artery that supplies blood to the front part of the ear
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| aorta | largest artery of the body
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| aponeurosis | tendon that connects the occipitalis and the frontalis
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| arteries | muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries throughout the body
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| atrium | one of the two upper chambers of the heart through which blood is pumped to the ventricles
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| auricularis anterior | muscle in front of the ear that draws it forward
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| auricularis posterior | muscle behind the ear that draws it backwards
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| auricularis superior | muscle above the ear that draws it upward
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| auriculotemporal nerve | nerve that affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull
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| autonomic nervous system (ANS) | the part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles; regulates the action of smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heart
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| belly of a muscle | middle part of a musle
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| blood | nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system that supplies oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and removes carbon dioxide and waste
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| blood vascular system | group of structures that distribute blood throughout the body.
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| brain | largest and most complex nerve tissue; part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium
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| buccal nerve | nerve that affects the muscles of the mouth
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| buccinator | thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaws
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| capillaries | thin-walled vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the veins
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| carpus | the bones of the wrists
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| catabolism | the phase of metabolism that breaks down complex compounds within cells; releases energy to perform functions
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| cell membrane | part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm; permits soluble substances to enter and leave a cell
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| cells | basic units of all living things
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| central nervous system | cerebrospinal nervous system consisting of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves
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| cervical cutaneous nerve | nerve located at the side of the neck; affects the front and sides of the neck to breastbone
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| cervical nerve | nerve that originates at the spinal cord affecting the scalp and back of the head and neck
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| cervical vertebrae | seven bones that form the top part of the spinal column in the neck region
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| circulatory system | system that controls the steady circulation of blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels
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| common carotid arteries | arteries that supply blood to the head, face, and neck
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| corrugator | facial muscle that draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically
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| cranium | oval, bony case that protects the brain
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| cytoplasm | all of the protoplasm of a cell except that in the nucleus
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| depressor labii inferiorus | muscle surrounding the lower lip
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| diaphragm | muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region and helps control breathing
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| digestive system | the mouth stomach, intestines and salivary and gastric glands that change food into nutrients and wastes
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| eleventh cranial nerve | spinal nerve branch that affects the muscles of the neck and back
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| endocrine system | group of specialized glands that affect growth, development,sexual function, and general health
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| epicranius | broad muscle that covers the top of the skull
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| ethmoid bone | a light, spongy bone between the eye sockets forming part of the nasal cavities
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| excretory system | group of organs including the kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine, and lungs that purify the body by the elimination of waste matter
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| external carotid artery | artery that supplies blood to the anterior parts of the scalp, face, mouth and nose
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| external jugular vein | vein located at the side of the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from the head, face and neck
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| facial artery | artery that supplies the lower region of the face, mouth, and nose
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| fifth cranial nerve | chief sensory nerve of the face; controls chewing
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| frontal artery | artery that supplies blood to the forehead and upper eyelids
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| frontal bone | bone that forms the forehead
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| frontalis | anterior or front portion of the epicranius; muscle of the scalp
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| glands | specialized organs varying in size and function that have the ability to remove certain elements from the blood and to convert them into new compunds
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| greater auricular nerve | nerve at the sides of the neck affecting the face, ears, and neck
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| greater occipital nerve | nerve located at the back of the head, affecting the scalp
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| gross anatomy | the study of large and easily observable structures on an organism as seen through inspection with the naked eye
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| heart | muscular, cone-shaped organ that keeps blood moving through the circulatory system
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| histology | the study of the minute structure structure of the various tissues and organs that make up the entire body of an organism
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| humerus | uppermost and largest bone in the arm
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| hyoid bone | U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue at the front part of the throat
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| indirect division | the method by which a mature cell reproduces in the body
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| inferior labial artery | artery that supplies the lower lip
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| infraobital artery | artery hat supplies blood to the eye muscles
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| infratrochlear nerve | nerve that affects the membrane and skin of the nose
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| insertion of a muscle | the more moveable attachment of a muscle
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| integumentary system | the skin and its appendages
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| internal carotid artery | artery that supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose and ear
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| internal jugular vein | vein located at the side of the neck; collects blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck
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| lacrimal bones | small bones located in the wall of the eye sockets. (2)
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| levator anguli oris | muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward
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| levator labii superioris | muscle surrounds the upper lip
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| lungs | organs of respiration
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| lymph | colorless watery fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system; carries waste and impurities from cells
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| lymphatic (immune) system | consists of lymph, lymph nodes, the thymus gland, the spleen, and lymph vessels that act as an aid to the blood system
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| lymph nodes | gland-like structures found inside lymphatic vessels that filter lymph
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| mandible bone | largest bone in the face; lower jawbone
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| mandibular nerve | branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the muscles and skin of the lower part of the face
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| masseter | one of the jaw muscles used in chewing
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| maxillary bones | bones of the upper jaw
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| mental nerve | nerve that affects the skin of the lower lip and chin
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| mentalis | muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises andwrinkles the skin and chin
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| metabolism | a complex chemical process whereby cells are nourished and supplied with the energy needed to carry out their activities
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| metacarpus | contains the metacarpal bones in the palm of the hand
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| middle temporal artery | artery that supplies blood to the temples
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| mitosis | cells dividing into new cells (daughter cells)
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| mixed nerves | nerves that contain both sensory and motor nerve fibers; can send and receive messages
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| motor nerves | nerves that carry impulses from the brain to the muscles
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| muscular system | body system that covers, shapes and supports the skeletaltissue
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| myology | the study of the structure, functions, and diseases of the muscles
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| nasal bones | bones that form the bridge of the nose (2)
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| nasal nerve | nerve that affect the point and lower sides of the nose
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