cervical lumbar spine
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| how is the spinal canal formed | by openings in vertebrae when stacked upon each other
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| where does the spinal canal begins and ends at | begins at the base of the skull & extends distally to the sacrum.
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| what contains the cerebrospinal fluid | the spinal canal
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| where does the spinal cord begins & ends at | begins at the medulla oblongata,passes through the foramen magnum & ends at the lower border of the 1 lumbar vertebrae.
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| where is the most common place for a lumbar puncture | L3-L4
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| how many vertebrae are in cervical,thoracic,lumbar,sacrum & coccyx | 7cervical,12thoracic,5lumbar,1sacrum,1coccyx
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| the sacrum is fused from 5 into how many | 1 sacrum
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| the coccyx is fused from 3 to 5 into how many | 1 coccyx
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| the cervical & lumbar regions have concave curves and are called | lordotic
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| the thoracic & sacral regions have what kind of curves | convex curves
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| when does the thoracic & sacral curves develop | soon after birth
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| what are the primary or posterior curves | the thoracic & sacral curves
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| which two portions of the vertebral column are classified as 2nd or compensatory curves | cervical & lumbar
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| when is the first compensatory curve formed | formed in the cervical region when a child begins to hold up his head
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| when is the 2nd compensatory curve formed | formed in the lumbar region when a child first learns to walk
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| what is the body of the vertebrae | is the thick weight bearing part of the vertebrae
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| the vertebral arch extends where | extends posteriorly from the body
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| what are the intervertebral joints | the slightly moveable joints b/w the vertebral bodies
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| the posterior body & arch form an opening called | the vertebral foramen
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| what protects the spinal cord | the spinal canal
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| how is the vertebral canal formed | when vertebra are stacked
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| the pedicles extend how | posteriorly from each side of the vertebral body
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| the pedicles extend posteriorly from each side of the vertebral to form what | they form most of the sides of the vertebral arch
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| the posterior portion of the vertebral arch is formed by the | laminae
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| the transverse process extends laterally from where | the junction of the pedicles & laminae
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| the spinous process extends posteriorly from--- | union of the two lamina
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| the zyagopophseal joints are form by the | sap(superior articulating process) & iap (inferior articulating process facets are actual articulating surfaces
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| on each vertebrae there is a | superior vertebral notch and inferior vertebral notch located above & below each pedicle forming the intervertebral foramina(l&R)
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| fibrocartilaginous disks are located b/w each vertebrae except | C-1 & C-2
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| each disk contains an outer fiberous portion called and the inner portion is called | annules fibrosis,nucleus pulposus
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| C-3 & C-6 have what kind of characteristics | all the same characteristics
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| what are the 3 unique features(characteristics) of cervical vertebrae | bifid tip,transverse foramen,overlapping bodies
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| the chunks of bone b/w the superior & inferior articular processes are called | articular pillars
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| the term lateral mass is used when describing the pillar for what | C-1
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| C-7 vertebrae prominens has many features of the | thoracic vertebrae
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| the transverse atlantal ligament holds the | dens or odontoid process in place
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| C-1 has no what | no body
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| what forms the atlantoocciptal joints | the superior articulating processes of C-1 have a large depressed surfaces for articulation with the occiptal condyles of the skull
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| Axis or C-2 contains what | contains the dens or odontoid process
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| what is the function of the dens | acts as a pivot for the rotation of the head
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| zygapopyseal joints b/w atlas & axis are only seen on a what | true AP projection
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| the intervertebral foramina are located at what | 45 degrees angle to the MSP
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| what are the normal thoracic vertebrae | T5,T6,T7,T8
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| T1-T4 have what characteristic | characteristic of cervical vertebrae
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| T9 thur T12 have what kind of characteristics | characteristic of lumbar vertebrae
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| what is the unique features of thoracic vertebrae | facets for articulation w ribs.spinous process of thoracic vertebrae extend extremely inferior so the spinous process of T4 will be superimposes on the body of T5 during an AP
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| the articulation b/w the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae & the tubercle of each rib forms the | costotransverse joint
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| 11 ribs & 12 ribs do not have costotransverse but articulates at what | costovertebral joints
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