THE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSE REVIEW
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| axis | The imaginary line that passes through Earth's center and the North and South poles
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| rotation | The spinning motion of a planet around its axis
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| revolution | The movement of one object around another object
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| orbit | The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space
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| day | Each 24 hour cycle of day and night
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| astronomy | The study of the moon, stars and other objects in space
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| What causes day and night? | Earth's rotation on its axis
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| Why does Earth have seasons? | The Earth's axis is tilted as it moves around the sun
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| solstice | The 2 days of the year when the sun is overhead at 23.5 degrees North or South (longest or shortest days of the year)
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| equinox | Days and nights are exactly the same length because neither hemisphere is tilted away from the sun
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| How is the Northern Hemisphere titled in relation to the sun when it is summer? | The Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards to the sun
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| Why is it warmer near the equator? | At the equator sunlight hits Earth's surface directly and is less spread out.
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| How does the moon move? | The moon revolves around the Earth and rotates on its own axis.
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| What causes the different phases of the moon? | The positions of the sun, moon, and Earth and how they line up.
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| How often does the moon go through a whole set of phases? | Around once a month or each time the moon revolves aroudn the Earth
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| Describe a New Moon | The side of the moon facing Earth is dark
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| Describe a First quarter | Half of the side of the moon facing Earth is lighted
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| Describe a Full Moon | All of the moon facing Earth is lighted
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| Describe a Third quarter | Half of the side of the moon facing Earth is lighted
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| When does an eclipse occur? | When the moon's shadow hits Earth or Earth's shadow hits the moon
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| What is a solar eclipse? | When the moon blocks sunlight from reaching Earth
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| What is a lunar eclipse? | When Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon.
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| What is the arrangement of the Earth, moon, and sun during a lunar eclipse? | Earth is directly between the moon and the sun.
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| What are tides? | The rise and fall of ocean levels.
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| Why do tides occur? | Differences in how much the moon pulls on different part of the Earth (gravity)
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| Describe the moon surface. | It contains craters, highlands and maria
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| nuclear fusion | the process by which nuclei of small atoms combine to form a new, more massive nucleus; the process releases energy
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| radiative zone | the region of the sun’s interior in which energy moves through waves or particles
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| convective zone | the region of the sun’s interior in which energy is carried upward by circulation of matter
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| photosphere | the visible surface of the sun
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| chromosphere | thin layer of the sun that glows a reddish color during eclipses
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| corona | the outermost layer of the sun’s atmosphere
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| ions | electrically charged particles
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| spectrum | the complete range of colors in the rainbow, from short wavelengths (blue) to long wavelengths (red)
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| core | the center of the sun
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| solar wind | the flow of electrically-charged particles from the sun into the rest of the solar system
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| Venus and Earth are called twins. Why? | because they are so close in size and distance.
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| Mars is also known as the "______ planet" | the RED planet
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| Jupiter rotates faster than any other planet...so fast that it's day is only how many earth hours long? 10, 15, 18 | 10
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| How long would it take to get to Mars from earth? 1 month, 1 year, 5 years | 1 year
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| Venus spins in the opposite direction of 7 of the other planets. True or False? | TRUE
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| Jupiter is how many times larger than the earth? 5, 11,14 | 11
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| One day (complete rotation) for Venus is earths' ____ days. 243,143,43 | 243 days
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| What planet is 4th from the sun? | Mars
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| How long does it take for Jupiter to orbit around the sun (for it's 1 year)? 3, 12,20 Earth years | 12 Earth years
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| What planet is 8th from the sun? | Neptune
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| What planet is 7th from the sun? | Uranus
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| What planet is 6th from the sun? | Saturn
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| What former planet is 9th from the sun? | Pluto
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| While learning about Mars thru space probes, what is there strong evidence of having existed once upon the planet's surface and may still exist under it's outer layers?. | Water because there are channels, valleys, and gullies on the planet's surface
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| What planet is 3rd from the sun? | Earth
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| What are Mars' temperatures near it's poles? -100, -150, -195 degress F | as low as about -195 degrees F near the poles in the winter
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| What planet is 2nd from the sun? | Venus
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| What planet is 5th from the sun? | Jupiter
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| What are Saturns' rings made of ? | Rocks and Ice
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| How many earth days makes one orbit around the sun (1 YEAR) on Mars? 187,687, 987 | 687 Earth days
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| How hot is Venus? | 870 degrees F - hotest planet in solar system
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| Why is Mars a bright reddish-orange? | Because of its iron rich minerals in the soil
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| Venus' day is longer than its __________ | Year - 243 days to rotate, but 225 Earth days for a complete orbit (year)
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| On what planet is the solar day 24 hours 39 minutes 35 seconds long | Mars
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| What planet is closest to the sun? | Mercury
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| constellation | a pattern of stars in the sky.
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| visible light | electromagnetic radiation that can be seen with the unaided eye.
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| electromagnetic radiation | energy that travels through space in the form of waves.
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| wavelength | the distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of the next.
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| spectrum | the range of wavelengths of electro magnetic waves.
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| reflecting telescope | a telescope that uses one or more mirrors to gather light.
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| observatory | a building that contains one or more telescopes.
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| galaxy | a giant structure that contains hundreds of billions of stars.
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| universe | all of space and everything in it.
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| light-year | the distance that light travels in one year.
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| giant star | a very large star, much larger than the sun.
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| Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram | a graph relating the temperature and brightness of stars.
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| main sequence | an area on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram that runs from the upper left to the lower right and includes more than 90 percent of all stars.
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| pulsar | a neutron star that produces radio waves.
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| nebula | a large abount of gas and dust in space, spread out in an immense volume.
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| protostar | a contracting cloud of gas and dust; the earliest stage of a star's life
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| white dwarf | the remaining hot core of a star after its outer layers have expanded and drifted out into space.
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| supernova | the explosion of a dying giant or super giant star.
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| neutron star | a tiny star that remains after a supernova explosion.
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| black hole | the remains of an extremely massive star pulled into a small volume by the force of gravity.
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| quasar | a distant galaxy with a black hole at its center.
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| binary star | a star system that contains two stars.
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| spiral galaxy | a galaxy whose arms curve outward in a pinwheel pattern.
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| elliptical galaxy | a galaxy shaped like a flattened ball, containing only old stars with little to not gas and dust.
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| irregular galaxy | a galaxy that does not have a regular shape.
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| big bang | the initial explosion that resulted in the formation and expansion of the universe.
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| The process by which stars produce heat and light. | Fusion
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| The most abundant gas in the universe. | Hydrogen
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| When two atoms of hydrogen are fused together they create? | Helium
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| What most stars are made of. | Hydrogen
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| This force tries to crush the star. | Gravity
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| This force pushes back against the force of gravity and keeps the star from collapsing. | Fusion
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| A star begins its life in a cloud of gas a dust called a... | Nebula
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| A nebula is created by a(n) | Exploding star or super nova
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| Gravity begins to squeeze the nebula together. When enough hydrogen is brought together a baby star is born. This baby star is called a(n)... | Protostar
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| A stars death is determined by the stars.... | Mass
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| Our Sun will begin its death scene by expanding to become a(n).... | Red Giant
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| Once our sun puffs away huge layers of itself the remains will be crushed to form a(n).... | White dwarf
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| These stars are the hottest with a surface temperature of 36,000 degrees. | Blue Stars
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| These stars are second hottest with a surface temperature of 18,000 degrees. | White Stars
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| These stars are second coolest with a surface temperature of 10,000 degrees. | Yellow Stars
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| These stars are coolest with a surface temperature of 5,600 degrees. | Red Stars
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| Our star, the Sun, when is begins to die will swell up and become a | Red Giant
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| The red giant will be crushed by gravity into a | White Dwarf
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| Stars more massive than the Sun will be crushed into a mass of neutrons called a.. | Neutron Star
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| A neutron star that is crushed will become a.. | Black Hole
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| Looking for a star rotating around an invisible partner at high speeds. | How to look for a black hole
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| Looking for light that is distorted and bent. | Another way to look for a black hole.
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| A grouping of millions of stars. | Galaxies
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| Our galaxy | The Milky Way
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