PE 09 Final Exam Vocabulary
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| Front Crawl | Freestyle, fastest stroke
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| Body position during front crawl | Prone
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| Arms during front crawl | Index finger side of hand enters water , elbow bent, one arm at a time, rotary breathing
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| Legs during front crawl | Flutter kick, feet straight, kick from hip, below surface
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| Back Crawl | Fastest stroke on the back
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| Body position for back crawl | Supine
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| Legs for back crawl | Flutter kick, submerged
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| Arms for back crawl | Thumb side up first, pinky enters water, hand reaches directly behind, hand pulls forward to side, body roll on arm action, push arm back on finish
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| Elementary back stroke | Uses symmetrical and simultaneous movements of ams and legs
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| Body position for elementary back stroke | Supine, ears submerged
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| Arms for elementary back stroke | Monkey, airplane, soldier, resting stroke
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| Legs for elementary back stroke | Frog or whip kick, knees up to belly, cue: down, out, around
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| Breast stroke | Known as the oldest stroke
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| Body position for breast stroke | Prone
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| Arms for breast stroke | Make pizza, heart shape, take breath, pull, breathe, kick, glide, cut pizza in half, resting stroke
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| Legs for breast stroke | Whip kick, down, out, around
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| Side stroke body position | Body is horizontal on its side, lower ear is close to the water
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| Arms for side stroke | Begin in glide stage, arms outstretched, arms come towards each other, cue: pick an apple, put it in the basket
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| Legs for side stroke | Scissors kick, bring top leg toward belly button, extend, straight
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| Surface dive | Feet first or head first dive used while swimming on the surface of the water, extend arms over head to go down, bring to sides to go up
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| Flutter kick | A swimming kick in which legs are held horizontal and rapidly moved up and down
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| Diving | Head first plunge into the water
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| Body roll | A rotating movement of the body around the midline
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| Emergency action plan | An action plan for responding to a water emergency
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| Personal flotation device | Keeps a person afloat in the water
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| Help | Heat escaping lessening posture that increases the chances of survival by reducing the amount of heat lost, knees come up to chest, arms are at sides, face out of the water
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| Huddle | Like the help position but with two or more people, chests together, children and elderly sandwiched between adults
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| Survival float | Face down, only in warm water, lift head and arms to take a breath
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| Rescue tube | A vinyl, foam filled tube used for making rescues
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| Treading water | Moving arms and legs to keep the head out of the water
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| Sculling | Moving through the water using only arms and hands
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| Buoyancy | The upward force a fluid exerts on bodies floating on or submerged in it
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| Hypothermia | A life threatening condition in which the body is unable to maintain warmth and the entire body cools rapidly. Organs cool, people become disoriented
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| FITT | Frequency, intensity, time, and type
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| Skill related fitness components | Have a relationship with enhanced performance in sports and motor skills
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| Agility | Relates to the ability to rapidly change the position of the entire body in space with speed and accuracy
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| Balance | Maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or moving
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| Coordination | Relates to the ability to use the senses such as sight and hearing together with body parts in performing motor tasks smoothly
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| Speed | Ex ability to perform a task in a short amount of time
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| Power | The rate at which one can work
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| Reaction time | The elapsed time between stimulation and the beginning of the reaction to it
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| Health related physical fitness | The components of fitness related to good health
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| Body composition | Relates to the relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone, and other body parts
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| Flexibility | The range of motion available at a joint
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| Cardiovascular endurance | The ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity
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| Muscular strength | The ability of the muscle to exert force
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| Muscular endurance | The muscles ability to continue to perform without fatigue
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| Progression | Increasing the stress to your body during exercise
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| Overload | Going above and beyond what your body can perform, going to failure
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| Specificity | Strengthening specific muscles to improve performance in an activity
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| Target heart rate | Rate at which your cardiovascular system receives the most benefits from exercise without working too hard
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| Metabolism | The chemical process b which the body breaks down food to release energy
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| Cardiovascular intensity workouts | Jump roping, speed walking, jogging, circuit training, aerobic activities, kick boxing, and use of step boxes
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| Resistance training, anaerobic | Use of weights or bands to strengthen or tone the muscle without aerobic expenditure, intense and doesn't last very long
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| Isometrics | Muscles contract but very little body movement takes place, example: stretch legs by leaning against a wall with your hands
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| Health and skill components of volleyball | Agility, jumping, hand eye coordination
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| How many Americans play volleyball? | 46 million
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| When was volleyball invented? | 1895
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| Who was volleyball invented by? | William G. Morgan
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| When was the first game of volley ball played? | July 7, 1896
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| Is a line ball out or in? | In
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| What happens in the ball touches the net and goes over? | It remains in play
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| What is a foot fault? | When a foot goes over the line during a serve?
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| How many hits per side? | 3
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| How many points per game? | 25, 27 with a tie
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| What does a match consist of? | First team to win 2 out of 3, or 3 out of 5
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| What are some individual foul examples? | A player touches or catches the ball and calls it out, commits a body foul, hits the ball twice in a row, back player spikes the ball and fails
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| Give examples of at the net fouls? | Player touches net, ball is pushed or held against against the net, foot crosses net line
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| How do players normally line up? | Cover as much territory as possible, looks like a W
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| Where are front row players when the ball is served from the other side? | Farther back
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| Where are the front row players when the ball is served from your side? | At the net
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| Bump | An underhand hit made with both hands together
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| Set | A high pass above your head made with the fingertips
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| Attack/spike | A ball hit forcibly at a downward angle from above the net, used offensively
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| Block | Both arms and hands raised parallel to the net in order to block the spike, used defensively
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| Dig | Passing a ball from an attack/spike
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| Tip | off-speed spike
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| Serving | Putting the ball into play over the net into the opponents court, underhand, overhand, and jump serve
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| Rotation | Act of shifting positions in clockwise direction
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| Double hit | When a player hits a ball twice in a row
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| Simultaneous Contact | Two players touch the ball at the same time
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| Side out | Serving team fails to serve or return the ball according to the rules
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| What is weight training? | A form of exercise in which muscles are repeatedly contracted against a weight to reach fatigue, reshapes the body and builds muscles
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| Give 5 benefits of weight training? | Allows you to move easier, improves muscular endurance, raises metabolism, burns calories even while resting, helps maintain a healthy body weight
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| Overload | High intensity, lifter keeps going to point of failure or fatigue, stimulates more muscle fibers to be used
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| Progression | To systematically increase the stress a muscle receives during an exercise, done by increasing weight, increasing repetitions, increasing sets, decreasing rest intervals
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| Specificity | Strengthening specific muscles to improve performance in an activity
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| Range of motion | Moving through the muscle and joints full range
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| Aerobic exercise | A continuous activity that relies on oxygen for energy, continues for 30 minutes, heart rate must be increased by 60-80%, burns fat, builds endurance
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| Anaerobic exercise | Start and stop, burns glycogen for energy, instead of oxygen, example: weight lifting
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| Failure | Being unable to complete a move due to fatigue
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| Repetition | Each individual movement of an exercise or lift
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| Resistance | E actual weight against which a muscle is working
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| Rest interval | A pause between sets that allows the body to recover and prepare for the next series
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| Set | A series of repetitions performed without a rest
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| Hypertrophy | The increased size of a muscle as a result of high intensity weight training
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| Atrophy | The decrease in muscle size and strength due to inactivity
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| Intensity | The amount of force or energy you expend during a workout
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| Antagonistic muscle groups | Muscles that work in opposition to each other, examples: bicep and tricep, hamstring and quadricep
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| Flexion | A decrease in a joint angle
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| Extension | An increase in a joint angle
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| Contraction | Increase in muscular tension
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| Relaxation | Decrease in muscular tension
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| Testosterone | The hormone responsible for the increase in the size of muscle tissue
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| Anabolic steroids | Synthetic productions of testosterone
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| Inhale | Breathing that takes place during the recovery or negative part of the lift
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| Exhale | Breathing that takes place during the exertion or positive part of the lift
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| Eccentric contraction | Negative part or the recovery of the lift, muscles lengthen during resistance
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| Concentric contraction | Positive part of the lift or the exertion, muscles shorten during resistance
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| Isometric exercises | Lifts that go through no ROM with a constant resistance
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| Isotonic exercises | Lifts that go through a ROM with the exact same weight or resistance
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| Isokinetic exercises | Lifts that go through a ROM with a varied weight or resistance to maintain a high muscle tension
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| Muscular strength | The maximum amount of force that can be exerted
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| Muscular endurance | The maximum amount of force that can be exerted over a long period of time
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| Core lifts | Lifts that involve the major muscle groups, generally working the belly of the muscle, squats, bench press, power cleans
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| Auxiliary lifts | Lifts that involve the smaller muscles, generally working the ends of the muscles
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| Give examples of weight room rules | Always have a spotter, vary lifts, put everything where you found it
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| Strength training | Higher intensity, lower repetitions, most productive
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| Power training | Slightly lower weight, more repetitions, builds strength, endurance, amd moderate muscle growth
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| Endurance training | Tones the body, used to sustain activity over an extended period of time
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| What was kickball originally called? | Kick baseball
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| When was kickball invented? | 1917
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| Who was kickball invented by? | Nicholas C. Seuss
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| How many positions are there in kickball on the field? | 10
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| How many innings are there in kickball? | 9
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| What is a full inning? | Both teams bat
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| What is considered legal for a pitch | Must be underhand, below knee level, pitcher must pitch from behind back rubber
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| What is considered a strike? | A ball kicked into foul territory, rolled over home plate, below knee level
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| What is considered a ball? | Anything at does not pass home plate
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| How many outs per inning? | 3
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| What are considered outs? | Two strikes, a caught ball, base runner is forced out, 2 foul ball kicks, base runner hit with ball while not on base
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| Do runners score if last out is a force out? | No
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| Does a runner have to tag up before advancing to the next base if a fly ball is caught? | Yes
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| What are the positions? | Left field, left center, right field, right center, shortstop, First, second, third, pitcher, catcher
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