Chapter 2 - Cell Structure and Function
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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cell theory | 1. states that all living things are made of one or more cells
2. the cell is the smallest unit of life
3. all new cells come from preexisting cells
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macromolecule | forms by joining many small molecules together
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nucleic acids | are macromolecules that form when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together
(contain genetic information)
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proteins | are long chains of amino acids molecules
(communication, transport, chemical breakdown, structural support)
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lipid | is a large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water
(energy storage, protect membrane, communication)
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carbohydrates | one sugar molecule, two sugar molecules or a lone chain of sugar molecules make up carbohydrates
(store energy, structural support, communication)
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cell membrance | is a flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside a cell
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cell wall | is a stiff structure outside the cell membrance that provides support and structure
( found only in plant cells )
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cytoplasm | a fluid inside a cell that contains salt and other molecules
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cytoskeleton | is a network of threadlike proteins that are joined together
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chromosomes | rod-like objects in the nucleus. Responsible for passing on traits of the cell to new cells. Normal human body has 23 pairs.
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cilia | short hair-like structures to help move the cell
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flagella | is a long tail-like appendage that whips back and forth to help move a cell
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vacuoles (central) | storage tank for food, water and waste products. Plants have more or larger ones than animal cells do
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endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | passageway that transports materials within the cell
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organelle | tiny organs or structures that make up the cell
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chloroplasts | contains a pigment called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs the sunlight to make food called glucose (a simple sugar) for photosynthesis
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golgi apparatus | packages proteins made from the ER into vesicles. Vesicles transport proteins where they're needed
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vesicles | organelles that transport substances from one area of a cell to another area.
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mitochondria | known as the POWER HOUSE. Energy is produced here. Also stores energy known as ATP which is used for growth, cell division and material transport.
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lysosomes | found in animal cells but rarely in plant cells. Breaks down and recycles part of the cell to be used again
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ribosomes | small organelles that make proteins. They can be found floating in the cytoplasm and attached to the ER. Made in the nucleolus
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nucleolus | located inside the nucleus. Site or place where ribosomes are made
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nucleus | directs all cell activities. Contains DNA - genetic information found inside chromosomes
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prokaryotic cells | cells that lack a membrane around genetic material. (no nucleus) ex: bacteria and archaea
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eukaryotic cell | cells that contain organelles surrounded by membrane. (nucleus) ex: some protists, fungi, plant and animals
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genetic material | DNA - and it controls all activities of the cell
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centrioles | they help the cell to divide and make more cells
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envelope | outer covering
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function | purpose for which something is used
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active transport | movement of substances through a cell membrane using the cell's energy
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diffusion | movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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endocytosis | process during which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with a cell membrane
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exocytosis | process during which a cell's vesicles release their content outside the cell
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facilitated diffusion | when molecules pass through a cell membrane using transport proteins
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osmosis | diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane
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passive transport | movement of substances through a cell membrane without using energy
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