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Ch.1 AP Voc.

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Term
Definition
Structuralism   based on the notation that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related  
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Functionalism   Based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness,rather than its structure  
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Natural Selection   Heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed down through the generation  
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Unconscious   Thoughts,memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior.  
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Psychoanalytic Theory   attempts to explain personality,motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior  
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Behaviorism   theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior.  
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Behavior   Refers to any overt response or activity by an organism  
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Applied psychology   Branch of psychology concerned with everyday practical problems  
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Clinical Psychology   Branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders  
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Cognition   mental processes involved in acquiring information  
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Ethnocentrism   tendency to view one's own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways  
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Evolutionary Psychology   Examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations  
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Positive Psychology   Uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human nature  
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Empiricism   Premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation  
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Theory   system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations  
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Culture   Widely shared customs,beliefs,values,norms,institutions, and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations.  
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Critical thinking   use of cognitive skills and strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome  
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