Clinical - Supply & disposal
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| The current anesthesia gas machine standard is: | ASTM F1850 (American Standard for Testing & Materials)
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| SPDD stands for: | Supply, processing, delivery, disposal
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| Supply: fresh gases get to the anesthesia machine by _____ and _____ | pipeline, cylinders
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| Supply: power gets to the anesthesia machine by _____ and _____ | electricity, battery backup
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| Processing: 6 ways the machine prepares gases before delivery to the patient are: | valves, flowmeters, oxygen flush, low pressure alarms, vaporizers, common gas outlet
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| Delivery: 3 ways that delivered gases are controlled & monitored: | breathing circuits, ventilators, integral monitors
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| How are waste gases disposed? | scavenge systems
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| Cylinder pressure = ____ pressure system Pipeline pressure = ____ pressure system | cylinder = high pressure system
pipeline = intermediate pressure system
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| Low pressure system includes: | flowmeter tubes, vaporizers, check valves, common gas outlet
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| Cylinder pressure is measured by: | Bourdon gauges
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| What type of regulator is on a cylinder? What type of regulator is on a pipeline? | Cylinder = 1st stage regulator
Pipeline = oxygen 2nd stage regulator
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| 1st stage regulator drops cylinder pressure to: | 40 - 48 psi (intermediate pressure)
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| The volume of oxygen & air in E cylinder is: | 625 - 700 L
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| The volume of nitrous oxide in E cylinder is: | 1590 L
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| Service pressure (PSI) of oxygen & air is: | 1900
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| Service pressure (PSI) of nitrous oxide is: | 745
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| What safety system is on cylinders? How is the safety disabled? | PISS (pin index safety system). Disabled if pins are missing or if more than 1 washer is used
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| Valve stem on cylinder is fragile & contains one or more of the 3 safety features: | frangible disc (bursts w/ high pressure to release cylinder contents); safety relief (opens w/ high pressure to release cylinder content); fusible plug (alloy melts at 200 degrees F to release cylinder contents)
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| Service pressure is: | the pressure in the cylinder
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| For cylinder supply the hanger yoke does 3 things, which are: | orients the cylinder, gas tight seal, ensures unidirectional flow
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| Which gas law pertains to volume & pressure? | Boyle's Law
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| Minimum of 1 E cylinder of O2 is: | 1000 psi (about 1/2 tank)
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| What is the formula to calculate oxygen cylinder supply duration? | O2 volume (L) = capacity in L * gauge pressure (psi) divided by service pressure (psi).
Divide this answer by O2 flow rate
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| What is the formula to estimate oxygen cylinder supply duration? | Time remaining (hrs) = PSIG divided by (200 * flow rate)
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| Nitrous oxide is manufactured by heating _________ | ammonium nitrate
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| Nitrous oxide has a service pressure of ____ until ___% of the tank is used | 745 psi, 75%
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| The only reliable way to determine the remaining volume of nitrous oxide is to: | weigh the tank
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| The energy consumed in conversion of liquid to gas is called: | latent heat of vaporization
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| Pipeline pressure is _____ psi & _______ (low, intermediate, or high) pressure | 45 - 55 psi, plus or minus 5; intermediate pressure
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| ______ prevents pipeline supply from going to the O2 tank instead of to the patient (prevent retrograde flow) | one way check valve
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| Pipeline pressure is monitored by ______ | bourdon gauge
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| With pipeline supply what is the safety mechanism for low pipeline oxygen pressure? | Fail-safe valve stops delivery of all other gases to prevent hypoxic gas delivery
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| If there is a loss of pipeline oxygen pressure the 3 things that are to be done are: | open E cylinder fully, disconnect pipeline O2 supply, consider low fresh gas flows & manual ventilation (b/c bellows are driven by O2 pressure)
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| What is the function of the scavenging system? | collects anesthetic waste gases from the breathing circuit & ventilator & remove it from the operating room
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| Per OSHA standards the exposure to halogenated agents is less than ____; halogentated agents w/ nitrous is less than ___; nitrous oxide is less than _____ | halogenated: 2 ppm
halogenated agents w/ N2O: 0.5 ppm
N2O: 25 ppm
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| Room ventilation requires a minimum of ___ air exchanges per hour w/ at least ___ fresh/outdoor air exchanges per hour | 15 air exchanges; 3 fresh/outdoor air exchanges
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| 5 ways to limit waste gas exposure are: | use low fresh gas flows, check machine for leaks, disconnect N2O at wall outlet at end of day, use TIVA, or avoid use of nitrous oxide
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| The 2 types of disposal interfaces are _____, which includes ___ & _____; and _____, which includes ____ | Closed interface includes active & passive scavenge. Open interface includes active scavenge
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| Closed interface communicates with ________ & _____ (does / does not) hiss | communicates w/ atmosphere only through valves; does not hiss
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| Open interface communicates with ________ & _____ (does / does not) hiss | communicates directly with atmosphere; does hiss
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| In the closed interface system, what is the difference between passive & active scavenge? | Passive: needs positive pressure relief valve
Active: vacuum. Has positive & negative pressure relief valves
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| Improper use of the open interface = | OR contamination
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| _____ & _____ systems rely on proper vacuum control | Active closed interface & open interface scavenge systems
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| Hissing with closed interface means: | positive pressure relief valve is releasing waste gases into the operating room
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| Hissing with open interface means: | proper operation & waste gas scavenge
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